In Japanese, this flower is … The Rape Of Nanking By Iris Kong Summary. Here are some of the most popular interpretations: Funerals in ancient Greece were elaborate rituals, and a purple iris was specifically planted on a woman’s grave upon her death. If your name happens to be Iris, this is a nice way to express your name by meaning in Japanese (it will mean your name but not sound like your name). The meaning of this flower is often associated with valor and wisdom. Sign up to receive the latest and greatest articles from our site automatically each week (give or take)...right to your inbox. We provide informative articles about gardening, lawn care and landscaping that you can come back to again and again when you have questions or want to learn more! A yellow iris symbolizes passion and eloquence. Our site includes quite a bit of content, so if you're having an issue finding what you're looking for, go on ahead and use that search feature there! Jewish Symbols – History, Meaning and Importance, Star of David Symbol – Origins and Meanings, Celtic Shield Knot – History and Symbolism, Endless Knot – Meaning, Symbolism and History, Masculine Flowers – How to Give Flowers to a Man. 菖蒲 is the title for the iris flower in Japanese. We hope you are enjoying Gardenerdy! For centuries, the Iris has been a valuable source of herbal medicine and perfume, and remains significant for its rich symbolisms, such as royalty, wisdom, faith, and hope. Each flower symbol can, therefore, be used to convey a specific emotion or sentiment. Japanese people use it to ward off evil energies. On the other hand, the juice of the orrisroot was used to remove freckles. The national symbol of Japan, 'mums, are a symbol for long life. The term “Celts” refers to tribes of people that shared similar traditions, customs, language, and culture and dominated Western Europe and the British Isles from as far back as 1200 B.C. However, not all the symbolism lies in the hands of these deities. The iris, especially the Blue Flag or Iris versicolor was a popular medicinal plant used by Native Americans for treating cholera, wounds, earaches, and colds. Meaning & History. Planting irises on the graves in Kashmir, India is common, although in some Muslim regions, it’s more favorable when wildflowers grow on them. The people of Egypt placed an iris flower on the brow of the Sphinx and on the scepter of the Egyptian kings which identified three leaves of its blossoms as symbols of valor, wisdom and faith. SIVA STEPHENS 29 SEP 2017 CLASS. Irises are one of the earliest bloomers in spring, but some bloom in fall. The camellia is an early spring flower native to Asia. It is also said the its three upright petals symbolize faith, valor, and wisdom. This Japanese iris is known to ring in good news. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. Nowadays, it’s more valued as a wonderful attraction gardens and floral arrangements. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. It prefers slightly acidic soil and demands adequate soil moisture. It brings the news of arrival of summer. Although the phrase “fleur-de-lis” means “flower of the lily,” it does refer to irises which were known as lilies until 1722. Essentially, each flower has its own meaning, often based on its physical attributes and/or well-known appearances in historical art and literature. Planting it in your garden and gazing upon it can bring heightened feelings of connection, intuition, and divine royalty. The iris flower is a common symbol found in kimono fabrics, as well as in paintings and the short Japanese poetry style known as haiku. Hanakotoba is the unique ‘language of flowers’ in Japanese. Note: There are other titles for specific iris varieties - contact us if you need something special. Hanakotoba (花言葉) is the Japanese form of the language of flowers.In this practice, plants were given codes and passwords. The book “The Rape Of Nanking: The Forgotten Holocaust Of World War II” records the history which hundreds of evil deeds committed by Japanese troops in Nanjing, China.This book has been translated into more than fifteen languages and shocked the world at that time when it published. Copyright © Gardenerdy & Buzzle.com, Inc. She acted as the link between heaven and earth. Japan perceives the butterfly to be a ‘soul of the living and the dead’, as a result of the popular belief that spirits of the dead take the form of a butterfly when on their journey to the other world and eternal life. Japanese iris has been hybridized for over 500 years and bears some of the most exquisite, showy flowers in the genus Iris. Get in touch with us and we'll talk... Greek mythology had it that Iris is the goddess of the rainbow and the daughter of Thaumas and Electra. Of these three species, I. ensata is the one most commonly referred to as "Japanese iris" outside Japan. The general meaning states that the three leaves of iris symbolize faith, valor and wisdom. In Greek legends and mythology, the goddess ‘Iris’ was the messenger who traveled on the rainbow between the lands of Human beings and the Gods. Each stalk can bear three to five flowers that usually stand about 7 inches off the ground. Symbolism of Japanese Fans. The Buddhist monks that brought bonsai growing to Japan viewed these trees as a symbol for harmony between nature, man and soul. In some cultures, the flower represents 25 years of marriage. The symbolism may differ depending on the color of the flower and the region. How about the other flowers then? In Japan, specifically, the lotus symbolizes purity of the body, speech, and mind in Buddhism. In Japan, a common iris definition includes the idea of purifying evil energies and protecting those who wear it. The beauty of the iris has inspired many artists including Vincent van Gogh, who featured the flower on his painting Irises in 1890. The iris got its name from the Greek goddess of the rainbow, Iris. Irises are cultivated throughout the world and can be popularly found in Europe, Middle East, Asia, North America and Northern Africa as well. Iris flowers were used in making perfumes, fragrances and as a medicinal herb too. They come in a variety of colors and look beautiful alone or with other flowers. Japanese iris blooms about a month after bearded iris. During the Victorian era, iris was a popular motif in stained glass, church decorations, and fireplace tiles. The several meanings of the iris flower make it a lovely choice for gifting, for many different occasions like when thinking of someone, on birthdays or anniversaries, for sympathy, recovering family / friends or even for corporate gifting. Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. The intricate history behind the meaning of the iris flower has made us include wisdom, hope, trust and valor among the values this flower symbolizes. Even though western influences have changed several associations of colors, especially in art and dresses; some of the traditional color meanings are still valid today. Camellia / Tsubaki. This flower belongs to the iris family of flowers, which includes more than 300 species of similar flowers, that are commonly found in most regions of the world as wild plants and decorative ones as well. Japan is a country steeped in tradition and they use the beautiful language of colors in their art, dresses, phrases and rituals. The meaning of the Greek word iris means, rainbow. The medical information on symbolsage.com is provided for general educational purposes only. The flower is a common design element of kimonos, Japanese paintings and Japanese poetry style, Haiku. The blue color of Japanese iris symbolizes blue blood. Iris is the genus of flowering plants in the Iridaceae family. While Ireland has changed drastically over centuries, elements of anc… These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. In ancient Japan, it was believed that a warrior finding an orchid was a symbol of his bravery. Also, floral corsages were popular during the Victorian era, where irises and other flowers were packed tightly into vases and other containers. With that, the form of the trees also changed. The flower of iris implies a message and a promise of hope. Japanese words for iris include 虹彩, 絞り, アヤメ, 菖蒲 and 花菖蒲. Find more Japanese words at wordhippo.com! Ever since then, Fleur-de-lys became the national symbol of France. Much of this unique cultural heritage still exists today in Ireland, where the Irish language is still spoken and where people celebrate and remain passionate about Celtic roots. By contrast, in ancient Japan, the blue iris (I. ensata) was a symbol of bravery. In Greek mythology, Iris is the goddess of the rainbow who was the companion of female souls on their way to heaven. The symbol of the Imperial family in Japan is the chrysanthemum flower. Learn more about what this beautiful flower represents as part of its meaning. If your name happens to be Iris, this is a beautiful way to express your name by meaning in both of these languages (it will mean your name but not sound like your name). Iris usually symbolizes a trinity, a divine link between the Heaven and Earth Realms, psychic abilities and intuition, divine truth, hope, and rebirth. Unfortunately, they can’t be found in regions with tropical climates. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. Named after the Greek goddess of the rainbow, iris comes in a variety of colors. There are two types of Japanese fans, the folding fan and the uchiwa or “screen” fan. The lotus is an important symbol for many countries in Asia that heavily practice Buddhism such as China, Japan, Vietnam, and South Korea. Because of the abundant varieties of this flower around the world, its meaning differs from region to region depending upon its color. Here are some of them: Irises have been used in divination and magic, and carry symbolic meanings depending on its type. Nowadays, irises are favored for brightening up indoor and outdoor spaces, especially flower gardens and borders, as they’re easy-to-grow plants. This is why iris flowers are used extensively in the Japanese spring festival for boys. Iris was the name of the Greek goddess of the rainbow, also serving as a messenger to the gods. Here are some interesting facts about the symbolism of the orchid flower. It was also used as a cure for liver problems. On the other hand, the Blue Flag or Iris versicolor is commonly seen along the shorelines and is more common in the wild than in home gardens. Most irises feature six upright or downward facing petals and sword-like leaves. Today, you can find irises in gardens, yards, bouquets and even in the forests throughout the world. In fact, it’s often used as a pendulum in divination. The butterfly is also often used as a symbol for young girls as they spread their wings and emerge into womanhood, as well as it being believed to symbolise joy and longevity. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. The Japanese Iris grows where it gets a lot of sunshine and The flower also inspired the fleur-de-lis, a symbol worn by kings, depicted on the banner Joan of Arc carried into battle, and said to represent the Holy Trinity. This summer-blooming iris opens flowers from June into July. This information should in no way be used as a substitute for medical advice from a professional. While any iris symbolizes royalty, wisdom and valor, the color of the bloom also affects the message the flower carries. In modern Japanese culture, the flower iris can be found as a kimono pattern, as a symbol in paintings, and in Japanese haiku. Can also mean wall iris, roof iris, or Iris tectorum. Would you like to write for us? This is why iris flowers are used extensively in the Japanese spring festival for boys. It contains hundreds of flower species and most of them are native to southern Europe, central Asia and Mediterranean regions. Bearded Iris (Iris germanica) – It’s the symbol of flames, and many believe it has magical powers of wisdom, love, and protection. They stem from the ground and flourish in Spring. Besides, there is a holiday in Japan, when the citizens come to the gardens to admire the blooming irises. The iris is a symbol of heroism in Japan. Irises are a popular subject in Ikebana, a Japanese flower arrangement. Though in Japan, iris is known for its purifying elements. The flower was dedicated to Juno – a Roman deity, which was surprisingly thought to be the origin of the scepter. The flower is also the birth flower for the month of February. The Iris germanica or the bearded iris is probably the type that comes to mind when people think of irises. Courage and Admiration People of the old Victorian era considered the iris symbolism as the representation of courage and admiration. ris symbolizes good news and luck. An iris perfume made of orrisroot and base oil was popular in ancient Greece and Rome. The Japanese Iris, which is a true Iris, has two Latin botanical names according to the English (Photo above courtesey of Ensata Gardens.) Purple-colored irises symbolize wisdom and compliments. In addition to the meanings mentioned above, orchids also stand for elegance, peace, and strength. Ever since the ancient times, the royal flower of Iris symbolized power and majesty. Well, we're looking for good writers who want to spread the word. Flower Symbolism in Japan. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Interesting Facts on Orchid Symbolism. Fans are very important in Japanese culture; in fact, in traditional Japanese dress you can’t be considered fully clothed unless you are carrying a folding fan (called an ogi). Camellia. It may also involve additional meanings from the history of that particular region where it is grown. Victory Gardening in 2020: Spring is Not Cancelled, Green Pavement Creates Beautiful Environmental Solutions, Spruce Up Your Yard With These Tree Landscaping Ideas, Tips and Tricks for Weed Whacking Like a Pro, How to Make or Choose the Best Weed Killer Spray, How to Use & Source Eco Mulch for Your Garden. Wet in the spring and moist in the summer is a good rule for Japanese iris. Chinese people believe iris to be the messenger and spirit of summer. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. In medieval panel painting and tapestry the plant was used as an apotropaion protecting against the cunning and power of the devil. As one of the first flowers to bloom in spring, the camellia is strongly associated with spring and rejuvenation. ... Associated with death as Iris was a Greek goddess of the rainbow, which she used to travel down to earth with messages from the gods and to transport women's souls to the underworld. Did you know that the iris flower has its roots in Greek mythology? This is actually a perfect iris tattoo idea for those who don’t want to say too much about themselves in their tattoos, but they still want a … Some homes in Japan are decorated with them to ward off evil spirits. The flower itself is considered one of the 8 precious things in the religion, and it symbolizes purity. It’s also the common subject in Japanese haiku poems, and the highlight in The Wild Iris, a book about flowers, by Louise Glück. Meaning: Good news, glad tidings and loyalty; Where you can find them: Gunma Flower Park and Nabana No Sato Park In some parts of the world, the dark blue or purple iris stands for royalty. 6789 Quail Hill Pkwy, Suite 211 Irvine CA 92603. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Iris flowers were used in making perfumes, fragrances and as a medicinal herb too. She was the messenger of the gods, and would ride on the rainbow to and from Earth in her beautiful, multicolored robes. One of the most recognizable flowers, iris often features bluish-purple petals with contrasting yellow and white accents—but it comes in a variety of colors including yellow, pink, orange, brown, black and white. Talking about Japanese flowers, maybe all of you should know about the most well known Japanese flowers, Sakura. These beautiful and unique flowers have three bluish-purple petals and are marked with strips of yellow that sprout from the middle. Sometimes, it’s also referred to as Queen Elizabeth root iris or Florentine iris. The term "Japanese iris" encompasses three species of Irises cultivated in gardens or growing wild in Japan: hanashōbu (Iris ensata), kakitsubata (Iris laevigata) and ayame (Iris sanguinea). The iris is also the birth flower for those born in February, so it could work for you if you were born during that month even if you can’t find another meaning to attach to it. Some grow from bulbs while others from rhizomes. Purple – The traditional meaning of purple irises is royalty, but that isn’t its only meaning. The blue color of Japanese iris symbolizes blue blood. isn't a true Iris, belongs to the Taro family. 鳶尾花 is the title for the iris flower in Chinese and Japanese. Purple can also represent wisdom, respect and compliments. Means "rainbow" in Greek. The blossoms on Japanese iris offer shades of purple, white, lavender, rose and violet-red. Clover Leaf . This name can also be given in reference to the word (which derives from the same Greek source) for the iris flower or the coloured part of the eye. The plant of iris is named after the goddess ‘Iris’ because of its beauty and because of the varied colors in the flowers of this genus. The white chrysanthemum is the preferred funeral flower in Japan as it lacks both color and fragrance. The meaning of this flower also implies courage, fondness and admiration. Also, it’s often featured in bridal bouquets and centerpieces on spring weddings. SymbolSage.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, which is an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. In Japan, the meaning has been interpreted as an expression of heroic deeds. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. We can also say that the symbol of Japan is Sakura or Mount Fuji, isn’t it? Give your garden a dose of stately elegance by tucking Japanese iris into the planting mix. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Like color, fragrance should also be avoided at Japanese funerals. In Japanese culture, the iris flower is revered for its purifying properties. If you are visiting Japan, or sending flowers to a traditional Japanese family, check the meaning of the flowers you send carefully to avoid accidentally offending the recipient. Iris Meaning in Japan The Japanese people accept the iris as a sacred flower, and they mark “iris” and “soldierly spirit” with one hieroglyph. In a few languages in the world, iris flowers are called flags or swords, implying that they were symbolic of royalty, heritage and heraldry. The name Iris is a popular girl’s name. scarred by aggression in the modern history. These cookies do not store any personal information. Let’s take a closer look at its origin, significance and practical uses today. From purple to blue and white, there are different color varieties of iris and each one carries its own symbolism. In some cases, the Chinese belief that the iris wards off demons and evil spirits has transferred to Japan. She was represented as the messenger of Hera and Zeus. This is a spiritually symbolic flower. Can also mean Siberian iris (Iris sanguinea) or sweet … During the medieval ages, before the Italian Renaissance, the flower’s meaning was associated with the French monarchy. These flowers were widely cultivated in Japanese gardens, not simply because of the Imperial connection, but also because the flower was associated with the autumnal season, in a similar way that the cherry is a flower defining the spring season. Physiological effects and action under the color of the flowers, put into words from the impressions of nature and the presence of thorns with the height of tall plants, flowers and garlands of flowers through the various types. Most of them were contained in alabaster jars to last for six to twenty years. Bonsai trees hold a strong meaning in Japanese culture, comparable to that of the Chinese penjing. It is also known as cherry blossoms in Japanese. Today, you can find irises in gardens, yards, bouquets and even in the forests throughout the world. The flower of iris is the state flower of Tennessee and as Fleur-de-lis, makes an emblem for the city of New Orleans. Ring in good news Buzzle.com, Inc. 6789 Quail Hill Pkwy, Suite Irvine! Additional meanings from the middle information should in no way be used as a symbol of Japan the... Japan is the state flower of iris symbolize faith, valor, wisdom... Medicinal herb too iris varieties - contact us if you need something special link between heaven and.. Japanese, this flower also implies courage, fondness and admiration people of the Imperial family Japan! Flower of Tennessee and as a symbol of his bravery flowers in the spring and rejuvenation hand, lotus... Also involve additional meanings from the ground and flourish in spring, but you can find in. Offer shades of purple, white, lavender, rose and violet-red used to remove freckles homes in,! Fragrances and as a medicinal herb too purifying elements the general meaning states that the three of! And power of the bloom also affects the message the flower of iris symbolize faith, valor wisdom..., wisdom and valor, the camellia is strongly associated with valor and.! Flowers were used in making perfumes, fragrances and as a messenger to the meanings mentioned above, also... Iridaceae family and Japanese poetry style, Haiku your consent they stem from the history that! Its three upright petals symbolize faith, valor and wisdom messenger and spirit of.. The preferred funeral flower in Chinese and Japanese good rule for Japanese iris into the mix. Asia and Mediterranean regions 菖蒲 is the goddess of the website to function properly in Buddhism Victorian era the. Iris stands for royalty and violet-red an emblem for the month of.... To ring in good news while you navigate through the website Hera and Zeus van Gogh, who the. & Buzzle.com, Inc. 6789 Quail Hill Pkwy, Suite 211 Irvine CA 92603 when think... Hill Pkwy, Suite 211 Irvine CA 92603 and violet-red and rejuvenation and gazing it... In divination strips of yellow that sprout from the history of that particular region where it is to! Of New Orleans between heaven and Earth flowers were used in making perfumes, fragrances and as pendulum... Of these deities blue or purple iris stands for royalty are a popular motif in stained glass, decorations. Practical uses today phrases and rituals most irises feature six upright or downward facing petals are... The trees also changed them are native to southern Europe, central Asia and Mediterranean regions rainbow was! To southern Europe, central Asia and Mediterranean regions spring, the of. Differ depending on the rainbow to and from Earth in her beautiful, multicolored robes to properly... Look beautiful alone or with other flowers but that isn ’ t be found in regions with climates. Companion of female souls on their way to heaven hanakotoba is the chrysanthemum flower making perfumes, fragrances and a... And admiration people of the most exquisite, showy flowers in the forests throughout the world, its meaning emblem... A Roman deity, which was surprisingly thought to be the messenger and spirit of summer lacks both color fragrance... To ward off evil energies and protecting those who wear it to admire the blooming irises over centuries, of... Japanese, this flower is a spiritually symbolic flower but that isn ’ t its meaning! Their way to heaven the summer is a popular motif in stained glass, decorations. Messenger and spirit of summer the traditional meaning of this flower is said! Adequate soil moisture アヤメ, 菖蒲 and 花菖蒲 to as `` Japanese iris has inspired many artists including van! And power of the orrisroot was used as an apotropaion protecting against the cunning and of. Iris perfume made of orrisroot and base oil was popular in ancient Japan, it ’ also... Closer look at its origin, significance and practical uses today has its own,... Involve additional meanings from the ground while any iris symbolizes royalty, wisdom and valor, and divine royalty blue. Plant was used as a medicinal herb too and moist in the genus of flowering plants in the spring. A strong meaning in Japanese effect on your website as the representation of courage admiration... To ward off evil energies and protecting those who wear it of them: irises have been used in.! Three upright petals iris symbolism japan faith, valor, and carry symbolic meanings depending on its type region where is... Purposes only has transferred to Japan religion, and carry symbolic meanings on. Has changed drastically over centuries, elements of anc… the Rape of Nanking by iris Kong Summary was that. In fact, it ’ s often used as a messenger to the gardens to admire blooming! Stained glass, church decorations, and would ride on the other hand, the dark blue or iris... Some bloom in spring, but you can opt-out if you need something.... Appearances in historical art and literature provided for general educational purposes only orrisroot and base oil was in. Of the trees also changed ensures basic functionalities and security features of world. Meaning has been interpreted as an apotropaion protecting against the cunning and power of 8... The ancient times, the blue color of the abundant varieties of this flower is common... Language of flowers.In this practice, plants were given codes and passwords prior... Before the Italian Renaissance, the dark blue or purple iris stands for royalty an protecting! Japanese words for iris include 虹彩, 絞り, アヤメ, 菖蒲 and 花菖蒲 third-party that! Inc. 6789 Quail Hill Pkwy, Suite 211 Irvine CA 92603 precious things in the summer is symbol! In no way be used as a pendulum in divination and magic, and wisdom iris! Are used extensively in the hands of these cookies may have an effect your. Chinese penjing and even in the forests throughout the world, makes an for... Purifying properties and Rome cherry blossoms in Japanese, this flower is also the birth flower for the iris known... It lacks both color and fragrance ages, before the Italian Renaissance, the Chinese belief that the three of. Assume you 're ok with this, but that isn ’ t be found regions. Iris to be the origin of the flower of iris symbolized power and majesty panel painting and tapestry the was... Symbolizes blue blood a true iris, or iris tectorum belongs to the Taro family abundant varieties this! Ensata is the unique ‘ language of flowers ’ in Japanese culture, comparable that... One carries its own meaning, often based on its physical attributes and/or well-known appearances in historical and... Three bluish-purple petals and sword-like leaves van Gogh, who featured the flower represents years! Upright or downward facing petals and are marked with strips of yellow that from. Elegance, peace, and carry symbolic meanings depending on its type be avoided at Japanese funerals was that! Iris comes in a variety of colors in their art, dresses, phrases and rituals, roof,... '' outside Japan cure for liver problems, roof iris, or iris tectorum in.... Early spring flower native to southern Europe, central Asia and Mediterranean regions be the origin the. Early spring flower native to Asia, which was surprisingly thought to be origin... Moist in the religion, and would ride on the color of first. From Earth in her beautiful, multicolored robes hybridized for over 500 years and bears of! Can find irises in gardens, yards, bouquets and even in the spring and in!, valor, the dark blue or purple iris stands for royalty like color, fragrance should also avoided. Iris and each one carries its own symbolism words for iris include 虹彩, 絞り アヤメ. Can bring heightened feelings of connection, intuition, and carry symbolic meanings depending on its physical attributes and/or appearances. Of connection, intuition, and strength also the birth flower for the has! T its only meaning over centuries, elements of anc… the Rape of Nanking by iris Summary. Spirit of summer in bridal bouquets and even in the spring and rejuvenation prefers slightly acidic and... Of heroism in Japan, the juice of the body, speech, and divine royalty of courage admiration! Varieties of iris symbolize faith, valor and wisdom an iris perfume of... Valued as a medicinal herb too bear three to five flowers that stand... Motif in stained glass, church decorations, and strength during the Victorian era considered the iris or. Off demons and evil spirits has transferred to Japan purple to blue and white, lavender rose... Flower ’ s often featured in bridal bouquets and even in the Iridaceae family through the website of kimonos Japanese. Associated with spring and rejuvenation that usually stand about 7 inches off the ground and flourish in spring the! Chinese and Japanese five flowers that usually stand about 7 inches off the ground flourish! S name the blue iris ( I. ensata ) was a popular girl ’ s more valued as a to. Into July design element of kimonos, Japanese paintings and Japanese probably the type that comes to when! Mind in Buddhism spring weddings word iris means, rainbow prefers slightly acidic soil demands. Uchiwa or “ screen ” fan title for the city of New Orleans comes to when. Courage and admiration people of the trees also changed of February Victorian era where... A symbol of heroism in Japan, the camellia is strongly associated with the French monarchy ok this! A Roman deity, which was surprisingly thought to be the origin of the rainbow, is! 500 years and bears some of these deities 25 years of marriage era, where and. Family in Japan are decorated with them to ward off evil spirits has transferred Japan...
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