African metal working traditions are remarkably diverse. Iron Metallurgy in Africa | Russell Jesse | ISBN: 9785514838295 | Kostenloser Versand für alle Bücher mit Versand und Verkauf duch Amazon. The Origins of Iron Metallurgy in Africa. The iron industry is a benchmark of civilization and is underpinned by a whole body of tried and tested concepts. Metal working in Africa has been the subject of both popular lore and extensive archaeological investigation. Entdecken Sie jetzt alle Amazon Prime-Vorteile. Ancient Egypt did not have several kinds of mineral ores, such as silver, copper, tin, lead, etc., even though they produced large quantities of electrum (an alloy of gold and silver), copper, and bronze alloys. History … Iron metallurgy in Africa is the oldest in the world, this is something western scholars have a hard time accepting. Until recently sub-Saharan Africa was regarded as a mere recipient of this technology which was supposed to have come from the Middle East by way of North Africa and the Valley of the Nile. Lieferung verfolgen oder Bestellung anzeigen, Recycling (einschließlich Entsorgung von Elektro- & Elektronikaltgeräten). Hinzufügen war nicht erfolgreich. Aremu, H. Bocoum, P. de Maret, J.M. And finally, iron … History of Bantu Metallurgy: Some Linguistic Aspects - Volume 4. Iron Metallurgy in Africa: | The topic |Iron metallurgy in preindustrial sub-Saharan Africa| encompasses both studies ... World Heritage Encyclopedia, the aggregation of the largest online encyclopedias available, and the most definitive collection ever assembled. The attention focused by UNESCO on the study of iron metallurgy in Africa is intended inter alia to rescue from oblivion the contribution made by African metallurgists – smelters and blacksmiths – to the technical heritage of humankind. This was the innovative precursor to modern metallurgy and steel production. Leider ist ein Problem beim Speichern Ihrer Cookie-Einstellungen aufgetreten. Wählen Sie die Kategorie aus, in der Sie suchen möchten. Prime-Mitglieder genießen Zugang zu schnellem und kostenlosem Versand, tausenden Filmen und Serienepisoden mit Prime Video und vielen weiteren exklusiven Vorteilen. The topic of early iron metallurgy in sub-Saharan Africa encompasses both studies of the technology and archaeology of indigenous iron production, and also an understanding of the role that iron production played in African societies before European colonization. The debate on the development of iron metallurgy in West Africa is a particularly interesting one. There are some researchers who think that the ancient Egyptians may have experimented with it up to 5000 years ago. The work of the specialists – archaeologists, historians, ethnologists, sociologists and metallographical engineers – presented in this book bears witness to the energy of the research now being carried on in relation to African iron and steel metallurgy. This chapter will use archaeo-metallurgical sites in today’s Hausaland in northern Nigeria, with their associated dating, to suggest an overall framework for major developments of iron … Iron smelting and forging technologies may have existed in West Africa among the Nok culture of Nigeria as early as the sixth century B.C. Three field seasons conducted by the Mouhoun Bend Archaeological Project (MOBAP) team from 1997 to 2000 adds some new elements to this dossier. Iron metallurgy in Africa Last updated December 06, 2019. Okafor, A. Not only does it give a clearer picture of the origins and development of metallurgy throughout the continent, it also throws light on its technological features and the social, economic and cultural repercussions of this progress. Both iron and copper working provided a more widespread evidence of African metallurgy. The Origins Of Iron Metallurgy In Africa book. Metallurgy jobs now available. Ich möchte dieses Buch auf dem Kindle lesen. Geben Sie es weiter, tauschen Sie es ein, © 1998-2020, Amazon.com, Inc. oder Tochtergesellschaften. The Ancient Egyptians used their expertise to explore for mineral ores in Egypt and in other countries. The region in and around today’s Nigeria contains some of the highest concentrations of ancient iron-smelting in Africa (Gaucher, 1981; Darling, 1986; Okafor, 1993; Quéchon, 2000; Eze-Uzomaka, 2009; Clist 2013; de Barros, 1913). Person. Sie hören eine Hörprobe des Audible Hörbuch-Downloads. Ihre zuletzt angesehenen Artikel und besonderen Empfehlungen. Copper metallurgy in Africa Understanding of how it influenced aspects of African archaeology. This paper is a review of the course of research during the past decade into the history of indigenous metal working in sub-Saharan Africa. It It was nicknamed the ‘Birmingham of Africa’, and considered to have been a crucial staging While these metals and their alloys can be cold-worked or melted in relatively simple furnaces (such as the kilns used for pottery) and cast into molds, smelted iron requires hot-working and can be melted only in specially designed furnaces. The work of the specialists – archaeologists, historians, ethnologists, sociologists and metallographical engineers – presented in this book bears witness to the energy of the research now being carried on in relation to African iron and steel metallurgy. Iron metallurgy in Africa. Iron smelting may have been possible in parts of Africa for millennia. The iron industry is a benchmark of civilization and is underpinned by a whole body of tried and tested concepts. Wählen Sie eine Sprache für Ihren Einkauf. Iron smelting—the extraction of usable metal from oxidized iron ores—is more difficult than tin and copper smelting. Routes du Fer en Afrique was presented at UNESCO . Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut. Pastoral-nomadic copper and iron-working traditions developed in the Termit-Air-Eghazzer area of Niger. Until recently sub-Saharan Africa was regarded as a mere recipient of this technology which was supposed to have come from the Middle East by way of North Africa and the Valley of the Nile. Wählen Sie ein Land/eine Region für Ihren Einkauf. African iron metallurgy encompasses a study of iron production across the continent and an understanding of how it influenced aspects of African archaeology. Post-Excavation: What happens after you dig a site? Iron ore is mined and produced in countries around the world including China, Australia, Brazil, India, Russia, Ukraine, South Africa, United States, Iran, Canada, Sweden and Kazakhstan. July 26, 2013 ArchaeoAD Day of Archaeology 2013, Excavation, Finds Anthropology, Archaeology, Bantu migration, Botswana, Early Iron Age, farmer, Hunter-gatherer, Iron metallurgy in Africa, Kalahari Desert, Prehistory, Southern Africa. There are, in fact, three distinct situations: A mobile herder copper-producing tradition emerged in the Akjoujt region of today’s Mauritania, probably in the second millennium bce, and lasted up to 4–300 bce. A condensed discussion of African metallurgy is difficult because of the large size of the continent and the 3,000 years over which it developed south of the Sahara desert. Read reviews from world’s largest community for readers. Language; Watch; Edit; Active discussions This article is of interest to the following WikiProjects: WikiProject Technology (Rated Start-class) This article is within the scope of WikiProject Technology, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of technology on Wikipedia. Akinjogbin, D.A. Um die Gesamtbewertung der Sterne und die prozentuale Aufschlüsselung nach Sternen zu berechnen, verwenden wir keinen einfachen Durchschnitt. In November 1999 an exhibition entitled Les. Edited by Hamady Bocoum. Essomba, P. Fluzin, J.F.Jemkur, L.-M. Maes Diop, B. Martinelli, G. Quéchon, E.E. The topic of early iron metallurgy in sub-Saharan Africa encompasses both studies of the technology and archaeology of indigenous iron production, an understanding of the role that iron production played in African societies before European colonization. Beliebte Taschenbuch-Empfehlungen des Monats. Momentanes Problem beim Laden dieses Menüs. African Origins of Iron Metallurgy! Iron. The Egyptians learned how to work metals from an early period, and all agree that 5,000 years ago, the Ancient Egyptians had already developed the techniques of mining, refining, and metalworking. Talk:Iron metallurgy in Africa. The Origins of Iron Metallurgy in Africa: New Light on Its Antiquity, West and Central Africa: Amazon.de: Hamady Bocoum: Fremdsprachige Bücher The theory that sub-Saharan Africa borrowed its iron technology from other cultures is no longer tenable. The authors of this joint work, part of the 'Iron Roads in Africa' project, are distinguished archaeologists, historians, metallographic engineers, anthropologists and sociologists. However, iron working as a consistent process may have entered Northern Africa around 750 BCE. Iron is a common impurity in copper ores and iron ore was sometimes used as a flux, thus it is not surprising that humans mastered the technology of smelted iro… The topic of early iron metallurgy in sub-Saharan Africa encompasses both studies of the technology and archaeology of indigenous iron production, and also an understanding of the role that iron production played in African societies before European colonization.. Furthermore, several metals were produced and used in Africa, and metal production involved many technological steps which were not necessarily used for each metal type (i.e., iron, copper, gold, and tin). Zugelassene Drittanbieter verwenden diese Tools auch in Verbindung mit der Anzeige von Werbung durch uns. Metallurgy combines both the science and technology of metals and is involved in many facets of our modern society. The spread was probably largely thanks to the Bantu-speaking people of North/Central Af… Scholars previously believed that sub-Saharan Africans either did not have a period of using copper until the nineteenth century (going from the Stone Age directly into the Iron Age), or that they started smelting iron and copper at the same time (Herbert 1984). Stattdessen betrachtet unser System Faktoren wie die Aktualität einer Rezension und ob der Rezensent den Artikel bei Amazon gekauft hat. A Stöbern Sie jetzt durch unsere Auswahl beliebter Bücher aus verschiedenen Genres wie Krimi, Thriller, historische Romane oder Liebesromane. Stone Age - Iron metallurgy in Africa - Metallurgy during the Copper Age in Europe - Copper - Africa - African archaeology - Sub-Saharan Africa - Iron Age - Iron - Nubia - Smelting - Egypt - Old Kingdom of Egypt - Buhen - Lost-wax casting - Kerma - Tin - Agadez Region - Niger - Metallurgy - North Africa - Sahara - Akjoujt - Mauritania - Malachite At its core, metallurgy involves scientists examining the microstructure of a metal, allowing then the mechanical properties of the metal to be determined, and empowers engineers to utilise that metal for various purposes such as welding or metalworking. Nachdem Sie Produktseiten oder Suchergebnisse angesehen haben, finden Sie hier eine einfache Möglichkeit, diese Seiten wiederzufinden. The Brazilian mining corporation Vale is the largest iron ore producer in the world. The Physical Object Format Hardcover Number of pages 240 ID Numbers Open Library OL9124877M ISBN 10 9231038079 ISBN 13 9789231038075 Goodreads 3694305. Prefaced by Doudou Diène. Lists containing this Book. Loading Related Books. The Origins of Iron Metallurgy in Africa New Light on Its Antiquity--West and Central Africa (Memory of Peoples) This edition published in January 2004 by UNESCO. Author(s): I.A. In this volume, four leading archaeologists attempt to provide a complete synthesis of current debates and understandings: When, how and where was metal first introduced to the continent? The African Iron Age, also known as the Early Iron Age Industrial Complex, is traditionally considered that period in Africa between the second century CE up to about 1000 CE when iron smelting was practiced. Under the influence of certain conclusions in comparative linguistics, historians, archeologists and ethnologists have been led to believe that the diffusion of the Bantu languages could be linked to that of iron metallurgy. issue discuss iron metallurgy on the African con tinent. Publication Date: 01-01-2004, » The Origins of Iron Metallurgy in Africa. Metallurgist, Customer Service Representative, Finance Manager and more on Indeed.com By the 6th century BCE, it may have made its way to Nigeria, practiced by the Nok culture, and over time spread throughout the continent. Wir verwenden Cookies und ähnliche Tools, um Ihr Einkaufserlebnis zu verbessern, um unsere Dienste anzubieten, um zu verstehen, wie die Kunden unsere Dienste nutzen, damit wir Verbesserungen vornehmen können, und um Werbung anzuzeigen. Ancient Egypt … Where Iron Ore is Mined. Contents. Gold. Bitte versuchen Sie es erneut. Copper. … The fact is that the continent invented and developed its own iron metallurgy as far back as the third millennium B.C. In the period from 1400 to 1600, iron technology appears to have been one of a series of fundamental social assets that facilitated the growth of significant centralized kingdoms in the western Sudan and along the Guinea coast of West Africa. The attention focused by UNESCO on the study of iron metallurgy in Africa is intended inter alia to rescue from oblivion the contribution made by African metallurgists – smelters and blacksmiths – to the technical heritage of humankind. Außerdem analysiert es Rezensionen, um die Vertrauenswürdigkeit zu überprüfen. These particular types of metalworking is suggested to be ‘found almost everywhere in the western, central, eastern and southern parts of the continents. evidence of iron metallurgy found around that Nubian town located in the Nile Valley. In Africa, unlike Europe and Asia, the Iron Age is not prefaced by a Bronze or Copper Age, but rather all the metals were brought together. Product information Technical Details. Of civilization and is underpinned by a whole body of tried and tested concepts underpinned! Ancient Egypt … the debate on the development of iron metallurgy in West Africa is a review of the of. 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