The following graphs are from page #199 - 202# of this book by my advisor, as well as Michael Dolg and Kenneth Dyall. a) Substitution reactions: “The halide group in alkyl halide is substituted or replaced by other groups or atoms is called substitution reaction.” Substitution reactions are as follow. Of the f-orbitals, six have six lobes each, and the seventh looks like a dumbbell with a donut with two rings. However, the standard notation often yields lengthy electron configurations (especially for elements having a relatively large atomic number). H 2 O, NH 3 ). Transition metals have the electronic configuration (n-1)d 1-10 ns 0-2. Electronic configuration. 2. These elements typically display metallic qualities such as malleability and ductility, high values of electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity, and good tensile strength. The general electronic configuration of the f-block elements is give as (n-2) f1-14, (n-1) s2 (n-1 ) p6 (n-1 ) d10, ns2. We will not bombard you with the entire periodic table today. What is the ground state electron configuration of the element germanium? f Block Elements: f block elements are unified by having one or more of their outermost electrons in the f orbital. That makes the energetic degeneracies of the #5f# with the #6d# and #7s# and the compactness of the #5f# orbitals even more significant in giving rise to #Ac-Np# as 'Aufbau exceptions'. The general electronic configuration for first and second transition series can be written as ns 2 (n − 1)d x. General valence shell electronic configuration of `f-`block elements is . thorium to lawrencium ( 90 Th – 103 Lr) are characterised by the outer electronic configuration (n – 2) f 0−14 (n – 1)d 0-2 ns 2 . We can see that the #4f# orbitals decrease in energy as we go from left to right, but the #6s# and #5d# orbitals are consistently within #0.1# #E_h# (about #"2.7 eV"#) of each other. Remembering the properties of so many elements can be mind-boggling for students. How do the electron configurations of transition metals differ from those of other elements? In the case of Lanthanides, the electronic configuration is [Xe]4f 1–14 5d 0–1 6s 2 while in the case of Actinides it is [Rn]5f 1–14 6d 0–1 7s 2. f-Block elements. There is an approximate correspondence between this nomenclature of blocks, based on electronic configuration, and sets of elements based on chemical properties.The s-block and p-block together are usually considered main-group elements, the d-block corresponds to the transition metals, and the f-block encompasses nearly all of the lanthanides (like lanthanum) and the actinides (like actinium). 1 s 2 2 s 2 3 s 2 1 p 2 2 p 2. ns 1–2, where n = 2 – 7. p–block(metals & non metals). Electronic Configurations of d-Block Elements: (i) General electronic configuration of transition metals is (n – 1) d 1 – 10 ns 1 – 2. We can, thus know, their electronic configuration is ns 2 np 2. Electronic configuration of Fe (Z = 26) is [Ar] 3d6 4s2. Helium belongs to s – block but its positioning with in the p block along with other group 18 elements is justified because it has a completely filled valence shell and thus exhibits properties characteristic of other noble gases. This theory replaces the VBT. The order by atomic number is down the first column, and then down the second column. Ans: d-block elements have general valence electronic configuration (n – 1)d 1 – 10 ns 1 – 2. For #Pa - Np#, whose #6d-5f# gap is even smaller than the #5d-4f# gap of the lanthanides (but bigger than for #Ac-Th#), I believe that the repulsions generated from adding a second electron into the #6d# orbitals (even without pairing) are still enough that since the #5f# orbitals are lower in energy, it is preferable to proceed by filling them instead. Salient features of CFT: i) In a complex central metal atom or ion is surrounded by various ligands. Q.5. Crack JEE Main 2021 with study plan & know step by step process to register application form. Due to this reason, the two series of elements, i.e., lanthanides and actinides are placed at the bottom of the periodic table and constitute one block of elements, i.e. because in these elements last electron enters in d sub shell or d orbital . The general electronic configuration of the f-block elements is give as (n-2) f1-14, (n-1) s2 (n-1 ) p6 (n-1 ) d10, ns2. iii) Metal ion & ligands are considered point charges. The radii of the #(n-2)f# orbitals are also more contracted, particularly for the lanthanides, making them more core-like in size than even the #5s# and #5p# orbitals, in addition to the decreasing #4f# energies. Their interaction is purely. The trivalent oxidation state of all f-block chemical elements or lanthanides and actinides is a stable or common oxidation state. 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