Excess nutrients in water bodies, or eutrophication, can result in more algae and plant growth which can be harmful to humans, aquatic communities, and even birds. The results among others show that while temperature has been on the increase, rainfall has been decreasing. • The introduction of fuel cell-based portable devices and residential applications are the most relevant applications for the residence sector in Malaysia. to what the world accomplishes with climate change mitigation. biodiversity change are subject to high levels of uncertainty, and must be viewed with healthy skepticism. This was necessary because, Nigerians are increasingly being confronted with number of challenges which demand urgent attention. Odjugo PAO 2001a. Should this trend continue, unabated, Nigeria may experience between the, Rainfall trend in Nigeria between 1901 and 2005. years, rainfall amount in Nigeria dropped by 81mm. Another major problem to, agriculture in Nigeria due to climate change is the, reduction of arable lands. climate change on men and women in characteristic disaster areas of the South-Eastern and North-Central regions of Nigeria. Published data from. Diverse models predict that by 2050, the total global fish catch potential may vary by less than 10 percent depending on the trajectory of greenhouse gas emissions, but with very significant geographical variability. With these, accurate, weather forecast and predictions will be possible, and this will help to prevent weather-related, disasters through early warning and effective, response system. Responding to climate-related risks involves decision making in a changing world, with continuing uncertainty about the severity and timing of climate change impacts and with limits to adaptation. There is also a high demand for sea food by fishermen, as well modern technology that has increased the amount of fish caught during each trip. The desertification process has resulted in southward migration of sand dunes, water scarcity, reduction in crops' production, ecological degradation and emigration of people and animals. This is a clear evidence of climate, change because a notable impact of climate, change is, increasing rainfall in most coastal areas, and decreasing rains in the continental interiors, (IPCC 1996; NEST 2003). Climate change in recent time has acquired global currency as never before. The famous White Cliffs of Dover illustrate how the ocean captures and buries carbon. Adefolalu DOA 2007. From TRMM to GPM: How Reliable Are Satellite-Based Precipitation Data across Nigeria? 59-, Chindo A, Nyelong PN 2004. Therefore, it is essential to develop an economical and convenient process to reduce the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere. A shift in crops cultivated by farmers from long, to short duration is also noticed. Fish provides essential nutrition for 3 billion people and at least 50% of animal protein and minerals to 400 million people from the poorest countries. The study diagnosed key challenges directly affecting major crops and regions within the Colombian agricultural system and suggested a number of actions thought to facilitate adaptation, while refraining from proposing specific strategies at local scales. climate change and extreme weather conditions: change and anthropogenic factors on desertification. by 0.8OC since 1960. The impacts of the change in climate have led nations to meet and agree on how to mitigate these impacts. Currently, approximately 22.6% of the country's landmass is being affected by desertification. 2002; Hengeveld et al. CLIMATE CHANGE I CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS, vULNERABILITy AND ADAPTATION IN ZIMBABWE I IIED Climate Change Working Paper No. A Communication, Paper presented at the International Confe-. Akonga AZ 2001.The causes and impacts of drought. Nwafor JC 2007. Findings also confirmed research sub-objectives, differently. region of the Atlantic Ocean to Northern Nigeria, then that of water will not be too difficult a task to, achieve. Finally, for the nation to survive, it is imperative that, the present environment should impose restrictions on emissions of green house gases and people should engage in economic activities that create wealth and lead to technological progress. rainfall amount is generally decreasing in Nigeria, the coastal region of the country has been, experiencing slightly increasing rainfall since the, early 1970s. Join ResearchGate to find the people and research you need to help your work. Fresh water represents less than half of one per cent of the total; the rest is either seawater or locked up in ice caps or soil. The prospects for introducing portable fuel cell devices and residential applications have been comprehensively described as the most relevant application for the residential sector to implement this technology in Malaysia. While. 4. The water scarcity will create the, tendency for concentration of users around the, remaining limited sources of water. covers most part of the body should be worn, especially by albinos and those fair-skinned and, to be accompanied by hat and sunshade glasses, while under the sun. By the 2020, 2050, 2080s the total population that will face increasing water stress due to climate change will be 2.3, 3.2 and 3.7 billion respectively. Although there is a decline of fisheries due to climate change, a related cause for this decrease is due to over-fishing. improved and ozone layer depletion will decline. to analyse the trend of rainfall and temperature. While there is a general decrease in rainfall in Nigeria, the coastal area is experiencing slight increase. However, there is strong global evidence for these effects. World temperature and water resources data were collected from different sources. Another adverse effect of climate change is extreme weather and sea levels. Climate variability and climate change 8 Effects of global warming on the climate system 8 Acclimatization, adaptation and mitigation 8 Climate change and food security 9 Agriculture, climate and food security 9 Food security and climate change: a conceptual framework 11 Vulnerability to climate change 12 Livelihood vulnerability 27 2. excessive death due to heat exhaustion, famine, water related diseases (diarrhoea, cholera and skin, diseases), inflammatory and respiratory diseases, (cough, and asthma), depression, skin cancer and, One of the greatest impacts of climate change, is the worsening condition of extreme weather, events like drought, flood, rainstorms, wind-, storms, thunderstorms, landslides, avalanches, 2001b; Changnon 2001). The integrated findings from ecological experiments, mechanistic models of landscape dynamics, socio-economic land-use models, policy analysis and transdisciplinary stakeholder interactions are presented consecutively. The, responsible for the ongoing unequivocal climate, contributes the highest rate of the greenhouse, (like halons, tropospheric ozone, sulphuric, has the highest contribution to greenhouse, gases, its potency is far lower. [17], Fish catch of the global ocean is expected to decline by 6 percent by 2100 and by 11 percent in tropical zones. This will be done by building Ghana’s capacity in the area of infrastructure, knowledge to deal with climate change impacts and reduce vulnerability in key sectors, ecosystems, districts and … Satellite measurements reveal an increase in melting at both poles and ice are moving more quickly to the sea. Coastal inundation is, however, expected to increase problems of flooding and intrusion of sea water into freshwater sources and ecosystems, thereby heightening the social conflict already prevalent in this area. Human activities also increase the impact of climate change. Yields of traditional crops, such as cassava, will be less affected by climate change, because of its ability to achieve at least some yield in the worst weather years. Odjugo 2001a; DFID 2006; Nwafor 2006, 2007; C was observed in Nigeria for the 105 years, Climate Change in Nigeria. Second, we find that climate change impacts are much more pronounced for forest EGS, while changes to agricultural EGS result primarily from shifts in economic conditions. ability held at Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Enugu, Odjugo PAO 1999. water resources; global and regional analysis.. impact in Nigeria: Emphasis on wind and rainstorms. Research report covers six main Chapters with sub-headings, viz: Chapter I, Introduction, Chapter 2: Literature Review, Chapter 3: Research Objectives, Chapter 4: Methodology, Chapter 5: Results and Analysis, Chapter 6: Discussions, Conclusions, Recommendations/Limitations. Shocks to welfare is traceable to climate change via crop yields and food prices effect. In past analyses of effects of climate change on the South African ecosystems (e.g. For instance, a, atmosphere is about 22,000 times that of CO, respect to tropospheric zone depletion. performed (Ramirez-Villegas et al. It has been shown, that drought, desert encroachment and coastal, inundation have started affecting the country’s, ecosystem leading to ecological destabilization, due to climate change impact in the semi-arid, region of Northern Nigeria (Odjugo and Ikhuoria, impossible for man to stop the natural causes of, climate change but much can be achieved in either, to stop or drastically reduce the human causes of, climate change. Nigeria is one of such developing, countries. [27], Fisheries and aquaculture contribute significantly to food security and livelihoods. Ayinde et al (2010) stated that the vulnerability of African farmers to the effects of climate change is expected to be most severe in Nigeria, due to their low coping capability. countries in the Middle East, around Mediterranean, part of Europe, North and South Africa will face acute water stress while Southern and Eastern Asia, U.S.A. and Alaska. One could therefore, appreciate the number of trees destroyed annually. Impacts of climate change on human health, had shrunk to 10% of its original size. In a recent study, a national-level assessment of the likely future impacts of climate change on agriculture was, Small Island and Low Lying Developing Sates of the Caribbean produce less than 1 per cent of the total global greenhouse gas emissions, but bear an overwhelmingly disproportionate level of risk associated with the impacts of climate change. We argue that Colombian agriculture as a whole would benefit from a better outlining of adaptation needs across temporal scales in sub-sectorial assessments that take into account both RV2012 and F2013 orientations to adaptation. The effect of the GHGs concentration on global warming as at 2100 is estimated by three scenarios to be 1.5OC (Low), 2.5OC (Middle) and 4.5OC (High). Apata variability, these studies assumed that farmers could adapt to climate change by changing crop varieties and timing of planting and harvesting, while in the without adaptation scenario it is assumed that farmers do not make any adjustments over time. Perhaps the biggest obstacle is the lack of awareness and knowledge as Olorunfemi (2010) had put it. Every half degree (or even less) of global warming counts. Two hypotheses were formulated and tested using chi-square statistics. Crops. CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (. The two primary factors of flooding in Nigeria are climate change and poor urban planning. For example, research on the effects of climate change on water and waste water management has revealed that flooding and associated pollution will greatly reduce the … change in the state of the climate that can be, identified (e.g., by using statistical tests) by, changes in the mean and /or the variability of its, properties, and that persists for an extended, length of time it takes the changes to manifest, matters, the level of deviation from the normal, that secular variations in climate occurring over, a period of 100 to 150 years may not qualify as a, climate change if conditions will quickly reverse, later, but a change in climate usually takes place, over a long period of time of at least 150 years, ecosystem. [46] What is clear, is that healthy ocean and coastal ecosystems are necessary to continue the vital role of the ocean carbon sinks, as indicated, for example, by the Blue Carbon[47] assessment prepared by UNEP and the coastal carbon sinks report[48] of IUCN and growing evidence of the role of fish biomass[49] in the transport of carbon from surface waters to the deep ocean. will experience reduction in water stress. Cool water cope-pod assemblages have moved north because the waters get warmer, they have been replaced by warm water cope-pods assemblages however it has a lower biomass and certain small species. Resources listed below summarize existing information on climate change impacts, greenhouse gas emissions and USAID climate and development programs in Nigeria. Some activities generate both mitigation and adaptation benefits, for example, the restoration of mangrove forests can protect shorelines from erosion and provide breeding grounds for fish while also sequestering carbon. Considering the alarming predictions of researchers and policy makers concerning the natural phenomenon climate change, this study “Effects of Climate Change on Agricultural Sustainability – Implications for Food Security” was carried out in Gas flaring especially, in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria should be, Nigeria should encourage the use of renew-, able energy sources such as photovoltaic cells, in a small scale. There has been continuous increase in the level of CO2 in atmosphere. The impacts of global warming on. © 2008-2020 ResearchGate GmbH. Lake Chad, and so many rivers in Nigeria, especially in, Northern Nigeria, are in the danger of dis-, appearing. Nigeria should start to invest heavily on, irrigation farming rather than relying more on rain-, fed agriculture that is highly unreliable and, becoming more unpredictable. Literature was vast, reviewed from credible sources, including expert research, reports and White Papers of development institutions including the UN, websites/blogs, and the mass media. To understand the effects on food security in a country or a region, the “food system” concept is useful. Studies demonstrate that rural women in developing countries, for example, are more vulnerable to climate change as they have low adaptive capacity. In Nigeria, there were an estimated 137,600 diarrhoeal deaths in children under 15 years old in the baseline period of 2008. Odjugo (2008) notes that, rainstorms did not only increase, they also killed, 199 people and destroyed property worth N, billion in Nigeria between 1992 and 2007. 3. Extensive use of digital video technology is expected to help overcome the problem of data collection. This study answers the most fundamental question which is: how are people living in densely populated cities able to adapt to the climate risk induced by using alternative electricity sources? The full relationship between fisheries and climate change is difficult to explore due to the context of each fishery and the many pathways that climate change affects. The short-dry-season popularly, experienced more in the month of July as against, August. Odjugo and Ikhuoria (2003), note that average of 320 sticks was used to, support the decking of a three-bed-room flat, building, plus the plywoods used for the floor of, the decking. 2) Effects of climate change on crop production in Nigeria. Industrial produc-, tions should convert to machines that emit limited, industrial machines should be improved upon to, use only ethanol, solar engines, electric engines, or hybrid electric engines. Two hundred and seven respondents were drawn using a combination of multi-stage and simple random sampling techniques. Study findings have implications for farming policy regulations, conceptual understanding, farming practices, and further research in the area. The study investigated the impact of climate change on yields of leading food crops in Nigeria and assessed the transmission channels of climate shocks to welfare. Published data from different sources as acknowledged in the text were also used. While the vegetation map of Nigeria between 1973 and 1995 forms the basis of biodiversity change analysis. In these countries the limit system has successfully helped in fishing industries. The role of healthy oceans in binding carbon", "Fisheries and Aquaculture in a Changing Climate", Report of the FAO Expert Workshop on Climate Change Implications for Fisheries and Aquacultur, "Global fish production and climate change", "Potential impacts of global climate change on freshwater fisheries", "The Effects of Climate change on World Aquaculture: A global perspective", "Ecological forecasting under climate change: the case of Baltic cod", "Mismatch between marine plankton range movements and the velocity of climate change", "In hot water: Zooplankton and climate change", "Effects of climate change on the sustainability of capture and enhancement fisheries important to the poor: analysis of the vulnerability and adaptability of fisherfolk living in poverty", "Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change on fisheries", Maldives President addresses the UN Climate Change Conference, "Fisheries Research and Development in the Mekong Region", "Total Environment of Change: Impacts of Climate Change and Social Transitions on Subsistence Fisheries in Northwest Alaska", Reducing poverty and hunger by improving fisheries and aquaculture, "Food security and marine capture fisheries: characteristics, trends, drivers and future perspectives", The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, "Climate change and freshwater fisheries", Building adaptive capacity to climate change. The city is also a major transportation hub, with multiple ports and a major international airport an… It is hoped that it will go a long way into genderising the discourse on climate change in Nigeria. The sea incursion due to sea-level rise means, salt-water intrusion into the fresh water, invasion, and destruction of mangrove ecosystems, coastal, wetlands and coastal beaches. Climate Change Adaptation Vulnerable groups can be more affected by climate change due to limited resources and low adaptive capacity (BNRCC, 2011). This knowledge will help us to prepare for and adapt to the effects of climate change. How climate change threatens the world’s, DeWeerdt S 2007. Odjugo (2005, 2007), observe that the number of rain days dropped by, 53% in the north-eastern Nigeria and 14% in the, Niger-Delta Coastal areas. [45] The current level of GHG emissions means that ocean acidity will continue to increase and aquatic ecosystems will continue to degrade and change. Exactly how the oceans capture and bury CO2 is the subject of intense research[44] by scientists worldwide, such as the Carboocean Project. Climate change has become one of the most exigent concerns of human race today. Global warming threatens to sharply accelerate the rate of global sea level rise by melting glaciers and ice sheets in Greenland and Antarctica. Changing rainfall patterns and water scarcity is impacting on river and lake fisheries and aquaculture production. CAUSES ANDEFFECTS OFCLIMATE CHANGEDate: 24th November 2012Presented by: NARAINO MAJIENabiilah 2. Thus the entire marine food web is being altered – there are ‘cracks in the food chain’. Programs such as the GEF-funded Coral Reef Targeted Research provide advice on building resilience and conserving coral reef ecosystems,[41] while six Pacific countries recently gave a formal undertaking to protect the reefs in a biodiversity hotspot – the Coral Triangle.[42]. Against the backdrop of the deadly effects of climate change, it is important that Nigeria mitigates these by letting people appreciate the reality and the … Oceans and coastal ecosystems play an important role in the global carbon cycle and have removed about 25% of the carbon dioxide emitted by human activities between 2000 and 2007 and about half the anthropogenic CO2 released since the start of the Industrial Revolution. While data on the global impacts of climate change is available, those at regional levels are scanty and scattered. Climate change is caused by two basic factors, which include natural processes (biogeogra-, phical) and human activities (anthropogenic). Climate change is increasingly becoming a serious challenge to Nigeria's socioeconomic development. Analysis of Climate Change Impacts on Agriculture. The data were computed and analysed using the square method, maps and bar graphs. CONTENT Definition of Climate Change Causes of Climate Change-Natural Causes & Human Causes Effects of Climate Change 3. Effects of Climate Change Climate change has affected many aspects of our planet. The scientific basis for ocean fertilization – to produce more phytoplankton to increase the uptake of CO2 – has been challenged, and proposals for burial of CO2 in the deep ocean have come under criticism from environmentalists. climate change and economic growth using a simple climate-economy simulation model. The costs and benefits of adaptation are essentially local or national, while the costs of mitigation are essentially national whereas the benefits are global. Fourth, simulations illustrate the importance of interactions between environmental shifts and economic decisions. EFFECT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON COCOA PRODUCTIVITY IN NIGERIA I.N. Nigerians need to be educated and informed about climate change and how it can change our lives drastically. 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