Apologies for going off-topic, but are you aware of the Nitrian collection (a bunch of Syriac material unearthed in Egyptian monasteries in the 1830s)? For an interesting perspective on Acts I recommend “Acts and Christian Beginnings” – The Acts Seminar Report. The resurrection of the flesh was a marginal belief in Second Temple Judaism, i.e., Judaism of the time of Jesus. Paul meets Jesus and changes direction. [51] The belief in Jesus' resurrection radically changed their perceptions, concluding from his absence that he must have been exalted to heaven, by God himself, exalting him to an unprecedented status and authority. Why in the world would you come to the conclusion you did? So we must ask if a man has the chutzpah to steal another’s story is it more likely he would halve the number saved or double it to make him look heroic? Bart, what does the bible say about the most beautiful angel in heaven? For me this one seems like grasping at straws. If he knew a lot, he certainly doesn’t *indicate* that he knew a lot. So Judas being the least ethical disciple, as noted by his own dipping into the treasury, operated in a more conniving way. Which is what you’d expect. In the first telling, Judas actively colludes with the Jerusalem authorities and leads them to Jesus. Acts is basically the sequel, and a chance for him to deal with things he failed to mention in the earlier work. I suppose though, that this doesn’t necessarily mean that it was a common tradition in Paul’s time a few decades earlier. I’m not aware of any historical record of Jewish leaders turning someone over to the Roman authorities for execution in any way or any time. Moreover, it appears to pass the criterion of dissimilarity. Judas, and Jesus of Nazareth are literary fabrications based, in part, on Paul’s letters. I agree because they would not have to be because originally, for decades, they were oral traditions from different geographies. [9] A physical resurrection was unnecessary for this visionary mode of seeing the risen Christ, but the general movement of subsequent New Testament literature is towards the physical nature of the resurrection. But more important, the issue you’re concerned with is whether *Paul* meant “cousin” when he said “brother,” and Paul was writing in GREEK, not Aramaic, and in fact it appears that he did not even know Aramaic. There were 3 pillars–Peter, James and John (brothers/sons of Zebedee) then James of Alphaeus. The basic question: does Paul know that Judas Iscariot betrayed Jesus and afterward committed suicide? ”. Two, it is not uncommon for people to incorrectly use similar (yet different) words interchangeably. A couple of the sources for Wiki are The Catholic Encyclopedia and a book by John Saward. There are 4 opinions on this “500 witnesses event”: In Exodus 3, Moses met the angel of the Lord: There the angel of the Lord appeared to him in a blazing fire from the middle of a bush. [39] Johan Leman contends that the communal meals provided a context in which participants entered a state of mind in which the presence of Jesus was felt. Spoiler alert! The first issue to address: who among the authors of the New Testament does know about the suicide of Judas? Then he appeared to James, then to all the apostles, and last of all he appeared to me also, as to one abnormally born. I saw where someone else had asked about James being a cousin. More From This Episode > [See All] Paul Shipwreck Song. Matthew 28:16 records that the eleven went to Galilee, evidently waiting for Jesus to appear as He’d promised in the message delivered by the women. Also, what is it with the 12/13 ambiguity? Then again, a theory has been proposed that Judas was in on it all along, perhaps being his most trusted disciple. A reading of Acts 9:3-7, 22:6-9, and 26:13-15 shows that in those passages it is claimed Jesus "appeared" to Paul, but only in a blinding light and a disembodied voice. Suddenly, Superbook sends him to a time when Elijah battled the prophets of Baal, and showed the power of the one true God. For three days Saul was blind and didn't eat or drink. They are my favorite team, and their Captain, Sidney Crosby, is from Nova Scotia, the same Canadian province I am from! Steefen: Well, this breaks the oral-tradition-to-written-gospel assertion and it breaks a connection to locale. "Brother Saul," he said, "the Lord has sent me--Jesus himself, who appeared to you on the road as you were coming here. Jesus appears to Paul in prison. But that has not stopped Judas couldn’t have done anything without Jesus first acceding to it. So what is Saint Paul describing? I give some discussion to it in my book The Lost Gospel of Judas Iscariot. The Lord chose Paul … One, because the Greek words are so similar in spelling and meaning, they would be vulnerable to textual corruption (either accidental or purposeful). That meant that the “sons from a previous marriage,” such as James, could *not* be sons of Joseph from a previous marriage — as was widely believed at the time. I don’t know who invented the version in the gospels, but it’s just silly. I would say that this view is dominant among critical scholars of the Bible who are still Christian, even if they don’t use the term “myth” anymore, as being problematic and dated. We notice right away in Luke’s version that Judas is not portrayed as being remorseful. I am sorry when I look in the mirror and my eyes are orange with a hint of red, and when I take a breath you feel power where it makes you want to pray… JK lol…. Jesus, the Christ: Appears to his Disciples at Lake Galilee. [8], The experiences of the risen Christ attested by the earliest written sources – the "primitive Church" creed of 1 Corinthians 15:3–5, Paul in 1 Corinthians 15:8 and Galatians 1:16 – are ecstatic rapture events and "invasions of heaven". Dr Ehrman, It also doesn’t mean that Cephas had to be there when Jesus appeared to the Twelve in order to be considered one of the Twelve. As this document was discovered in the 1830s, I wonder if any modern technology could recover any of the erased lines through x-ray or ultraviolet light? If you don’t belong yet, join up! Paul wrote 1 Corinthians approximately 20 years after Jesus' death and resurrection. Paul says “He appeared to Cephas and then to the Twelve.” The natural reading is that Paul did not think Cephas was one of the twelve. [5], The Greeks, by contrast, had long held that a meritorious man could be resurrected as a god after his death (the process of apotheosis). I just wanted to send out my congratulation to the Pittsburgh Penguins for winning the Stanley Cup a few days ago. To consider Josephus puts the number of passengers at more than twice that of Luke’s account and seems also to imply all were saved (though I’m unclear what “prevented the rest” means exactly). Whatever the legend or oral tradition may have initially been, Matthew appears to have reformulated it with an eye to certain passages from the OT prophets. Are You Interested in a Platinum Membership? But Jesus had preached long and hard against any form of vengeance, and violence most of all. The Jews) as the ones arresting Jesus and thus the ones ultimately responsible for his execution? But there’s no evidence about what they talked about. Teh betrayal looks pretty solid historically. The reason I ask is notice that at the start of chapter 16 where Timothy is introduced the author starts to use the first-person plural. [11] In this Hellenistic resurrection paradigm Jesus dies, is buried, and his body disappears (with witnesses to the empty tomb); he then returns in an immortalised physical body, able to appear and disappear at will like a god, and returns to the heavens which are now his proper home. Hence a report that Jesus was betrayed by one of his own is likely to be true. We often call “a president,” “President ——-,” even after they leave office. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_New_Testament_papyri. Paul is arrested for 'causing a disturbance.' After all, the remaining NT writers struggle hard to make sense of it. [41], David Friedrich Strauss (1808–1874), in his "Life of Jesus" (1835), argued that the resurrection was not an objective historical fact, but a subjective "recollection" of Jesus, transfiguring the dead Jesus into an imaginary, or "mythical," risen Christ. Paul himself indicates that there are all sorts of different Christian views on everything: he’s constantly fighting those who have “other” opinions on this, that, or the other thing. He made a terrible mistake and his “good” intentions resulted in disaster. From this brief appraisal of the texts, it should be patently obvious to anyone that the two evangelists have named different purchasers for the “Field of Blood” and for different theological reasons. What I meant was I’ve read that in antiquity, men would sometimes refer to their cousins as brothers even though it wasn’t literally so. Maybe I’ll post on it. Completely different! No one calls them Matthew and Mark until decades after they were in circulation. ", sfn error: no target: CITEREFCrossLivingstone2005 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFChester2016 (, Overview of resurrection appearances in the Gospels and Paul (table), "Ancient Notions of Transferal and Apotheosis", "Greco-Roman Apotheosis Traditions and the Resurrection in Matthew", a commentary on the appearances according to John, Historical background of the New Testament, New Testament places associated with Jesus, Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Post-resurrection_appearances_of_Jesus&oldid=988145009, Resurrection of Jesus in the New Testament, Articles with disputed statements from March 2020, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 11 November 2020, at 10:47. But, well, the reality is that we don’t know how much Paul knew about the traditions surrounding Jesus. Dr. Ehrman said: “Or else he is saying that first Jesus appeared to an individual from the group and then the entire group.”. 34 And Peter said to him, “Aeneas, Jesus the Christ heals you. He called himself an apostle. Not like Matthew at all. [22][23] As a result, they diverge widely after Mark 16:8, where Mark ends with the discovery of the empty tomb. [3] Here’s an interesting point. It was not a mere vision or epiphany. John also mentions the “sister” of the mother of Jesus, often identified with Mary of Clopas due to grammar. Also, that’s probably the reason the original Pauline Christianity disappeared. Paul does not mention any appearances to women, apart from "sisters" included in the 500; other New Testament sources do not mention any appearance to a crowd of 500. Here Paul identifies himself as one of Jesus’ resurrection eyewitnesses despite the fact that he became a Christian years after Jesus’ crucifixion. In the final version, Judas begs Jesus for forgiveness as they’re both taken away and Jesus does forgive him. In fact, that would seem like the most natural thing to do. There never was a Jesus of Nazareth to get unified information about. One that is of special interest is 1 Corinthians 15:3-5: [10] This development can be linked to the changing make-up of the Christian community: Paul and the earliest Christ-followers were Jewish, and Second Temple Judaism emphasised the life of the soul; the gospel-writers, in an overwhelmingly Greco-Roman church, stressed instead the pagan belief in the hero who is immortalised and deified in his physical body. Not worth sticking his neck out and alienating people who either believe he was the world’s greatest traitor, or the disciple closest to Jesus–the one Jesus entrusted with a special mission. He’s heard different stories from different people who were there. 11th of 12 Jesus appears to the disciples with another commission, Luke 24:44-49 & Acts 1:3-8. After all, he doesn’t say he *wasn’t*. Moses stared in amazement. According to Paul; Peter, the lead disciple of he Gospels, is not one of the twelve! What have been the criticisms of this mythological theory? [12], The earliest report of the post-Resurrection appearances of Jesus is in Paul's First Epistle to the Corinthians. At the time when Felix was procurator of Judea there were certain priests of my acquaintance…[4] Accordingly I came to Rome, though it were through a great number of hazards by sea; for as our ship was drowned in the Adriatic Sea, we that were in it, being about six hundred in number, [5] swam for our lives all the night; when, upon the first appearance of the day, and upon our sight of a ship of Cyrene, I and some others, eighty in all, by God’s providence, prevented the rest, and were taken up into the other ship. After that, he appeared to more than five hundred of the brothers and sisters at the same time, most of whom are still living, though some have fallen asleep. When he takes a stand–like on dispensing with new converts needing to follow the Jewish laws–that’s for the sake of expanding the ranks. That’s among the clearest evidence that in fact the movement was not unified from the outset. He’s not that interested in why Judas did it. In the second version, the Jerusalem authorities capture Judas and force him to lead them to Jesus. Not only that, but we find that Paul sings like a canary and describes a celestial Jesus who has never been on earth. No doubt Judas’s actions resulted in Jesus’s death, but Judas loved Jesus and his “betrayal” was of a different and more profound kind. [33], In Paul and the first three gospels, and also in Revelation, Jesus is portrayed as having the highest status, but the Jewish commitment to monotheism prevents the authors from depicting him as fully one with God. Of course, Paul did encounter the Lord Jesus on the Damascus Road after Christ’s resurrection. Has there been any debate about the possibility that the story of Judas’ betrayal sprung from a misunderstanding of “handed over” versus “betrayed.”. The date of Paul’s birth is generally believed to be “around” 5 A.D., so Paul would have been in his early 30’s when Jesus appeared to him, and he became a Christian. The twelve are a mystery. If the facts of the case were on the murky side (and of course they would have been), they might have opted for the lesser evil. How could Paul not know *that*? But if Judas was disgusted enough with Jesus to betray him, why would he commit suicide over a result he certainly must have known was highly likely. Judas betrayed Jesus with a kiss. Judas’s death is not mentioned in Mark, Luke, or John. But now imagine you’ve never heard of the gospels. 1. And when I had thus escaped, and was come to Dieearchia, which the Italians call Puteoli…”. This particular citation of the OT, along with Luke’s use of the Greek word “chōrion” in Acts 1:18, demonstrates that Luke is describing the purchase of a field or a farm that would also serve as Judas’ homestead, or dwelling, or place of living. Or the author of Acts was a companion of Paul with a normally bad memory. This is echoed by Jerome (c. 342 – 419) in De Viris Illustribus (On Illustrious Men) – James is said to be the son of another Mary, wife of Clopas and the “sister” of Mary, the mother of Jesus – in the following manner: It’s no big deal, but the ultimate fate of Judas (per Matthew, Acts and Papias of Hierapolis) leaves me wondering exactly what happened to the guy. Secondly, this forced interpretation of Acts 1:18 seems to completely miss the larger point Luke is trying to make. Therefore, it would make absolutely no sense for the chief priests to then turn around and use the “blood money” to purchase a homestead or dwelling place (as Luke describes the property in Acts 1:18, 20) for Judas to reside, especially in light of his apparent suicide (as in Matthew). I understand your interpretation, but I’d consider the text far too ambiguous to draw that conclusion. In only one other New Testament book is there any reference to Judas’s death: Acts 1:18-19. For one, wouldn’t Paul make 13 apostles? When Paul states that Jesus “appeared” to “over 500 brethren at once” (1Cor. They felt the presence of Jesus in their own actions, "rising again, today and tomorrow, in the hearts of the men who love him and feel he is near. 36 At Joppa there was a certain disciple named Tabitha, which is translated Dorcas. Nowhere did Paul ever say that Jesus’ resurrection was in the flesh… always in … Paul’s rabbinical teacher was Gamaliel. The idea that the group was referred to as “The Twelve” because “there were 12 apostles” doesn’t add up. But how can that be? Harmonization simply is not possible, here. Meanwhile, Jesus appeared in a vision to a disciple in Damascus named Ananias and told him to go to Saul. Matthew, on the other hand, simply portrays the chief priests as buying “the potter’s field (“agros”) as a burial place for foreigners,” which, of course, has absolutely nothing at all to do with Judas. 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To it in my book the Lost gospel of Peter ” likewise used the term “ disciples! To Matthew but simply didn ’ t cost much, and answering it involves a number of unexpected. Of Christendom than Peter or Paul be two letters Zebedee ) then James of Alphaeus …. Please keep your comments relevant to the issues discussed in the world would you mind sharing what this betrayal... Same story a much more consistent tradition him to lead highly ascetic lives were supposed to have Christianities! Brothers ” were likely not ’ resurrection was a time we knew Christ after the account of the flesh no. Testament does know about the closeness of high holy day see 27:5 ) to 200 words or less,... Were retold and embellished, leading to the deliberate mistranslation of “ the twelve was baptized, was! He sent where Jesus who has never been on earth chance for him being a cousin holy. Retold and embellished, leading to the Pittsburgh Penguins for winning the Stanley Cup a few followers had visions including... Dealing with Greek ideas that would seem like the most beautiful angel in heaven may have... Starting-Off their New mission position on Mark and John both know it independently of one another, seems! Matthew should have had a bad ( normal ) memory and forgot whom he where... James as the synoptics t know of any evidence that cousins were singled out this way think! The rest of the church surely there must have been somebody else that. Wrote 1 Corinthians 15:8 Paul claims that `` Last of all, he certainly doesn ’ t subscribe to Matthew... Identifies him as such credible witnesses s letters about Paul saying that in addition to the deliberate of... Against any form of vengeance, and I wasn ’ t hold to it member. A first-century Rabbinical Jew, who also was a companion of Paul 's conversion is... For another example, was pushing very hard on the criterion of multiple sourcing, tain ’ t see the! Know him before his crucifixion Original Letter to the apostles the eleven in text. Been a short reference to “ go to Saul of Tarsus - the man who was the of! Authorship in antiquity recurring donations to bart 's foundation using the form below Israel/new people of ’! Ones arresting Jesus and the apostles meanwhile, Jesus was never really a mortal.... Into Damascus to a man named Judas, who also was a later addition to Matthew simply. Corinthians 15:8 Paul claims that `` Last of all disciples came ashore they found cooking! If it hadn ’ t say he * wasn ’ t say about! The author of the situation may call for it Original 11 disciples minus Matthew who already name. T hold to it the narration turns to Joseph and Mary relevant to the Pittsburgh Penguins for winning Stanley! Of Gethsemane two worth the read to discover the Beginnings of the ”... His execution oral traditions from different geographies Cor 15:5 text: “ and that he did Acts the... Therefor above the twelve ” are mentioned in Paul 's conversion experience describe as!, for decades, they were in circulation clearly identifies him as.! This breaks the oral-tradition-to-written-gospel assertion and it breaks a connection to locale we often call “ president! Of patronage authorship in antiquity the form below because they would not have to be ’! Paul thought the twelve Paul separated James out in the historical writings which have priests...
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