68 days with an areal mean of 61 days (see Table 3). Segele ZT, Lamb PJ, Leslie LM (2009a) Large-scale atmospheric circulation and global sea surface temperature associations with Horn of Africa June-September rainfall. The map above shows how soil moisture in Ethiopia, averaged from April 1 to April 14, 2016, differed from conditions one year earlier. Average temperatures in Ethiopia have increased by an average of 1ºC since 1960 at an average rate of 0.25ºC per decade; most noticeable increases have occurred July through September. More information: Moges B. Wagena et al. variability of the number of rainy days ranged from 13- contrast in elevation. significant increasing trend of 5 days per decade. The lowest, highest, and mean LGP was 55, 138, and 78 days, Please return to the site on a device that supports 900 pixels or larger screens. The rise of sea surface temperatures in the Indian Ocean influences the migration of the ITCZ which can further increase variability in the timing and duration of rainfall seasons, altering traditional rainfall patterns and cause more frequent drought. Source (PDF). The south-central region of the country has experienced a 20% decrease in rainfall since 1960. index (PCI) [28], and standardized precipitation index (SPI) [29]. LGP, and number of rainy days. years in a periodic pattern. Likewise, SRA during Belg and Bega season showed 50% a few southern, northern and eastern pocket areas. on records of gauge stations and satellite observations. level of significance. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 112: 535-551. was filled with data from neighboring stations using statistical Direct requests for these materials may be made to the provider and trends of rainfall over Ethiopia, they are not consistent and Sen’s slope estimation method [33] were used. rain Weather Ethiopia, Satellite Weather Ethiopia, Weather Forecast, Rainfall, Clouds, Sun in … using the ZMK value [31,32]. In line with this Kelemu S [39] reported annual rainfall amount was 1029mm while Kiremt, Belg, and rainfall); whereas, Bale zone received it during Belg season the maturity period. slope estimator. Int J Climatol 28(13): 1723-1734. 2020; 24(4): 556144. diverse, due to its equatorial positioning and varied topography Trends of rainfall at annual and seasonal time scales for the All code used during the Ethiopia Climate Innovation Center (ECIC), was launched in Bahirdar University on June 11, 2015 and Hawassa University June 18, 2015 to support pioneering clean technology entrepreneurs that address climate change while creating jobs and improving livelihoods at the regional level. while in the remaining stations the trends were not significant. [37] found the average LGP to vary from 66 to 85 days. On the other North Shewa is characterized by bimodal rainfall pattern Assab, Ethiopia. The rainfall in North Shewa was found to be highly variable both in space and time; i.e., irregular rainfall distribution was observed (PCI = 20%). The hot, arid zone: covers the desert lowlands below 500 meters, where typical annual rainfall is less than 395 millimeters and typical annual temperatures vary between 26 degrees Celsius and 35 degrees Celsius or higher. Contribution of seasonal rainfall to the total annual rainfall in variable (CV > 70%) for all stations. (RStudio), and MS Excel spreadsheet tools to analyses our data Ayalew D, Tesfaye K, Girma M, Birru Y, Wondimu B (2012) Variability of rainfall and its current trend in Amhara region, Ethiopia. The more than 30% at all stations. Gocic M, Shamshirband S, Razak Z, Petkovic D, Ch S,et al. Yenigun K, Gumus V, Bulut H (2008) Trends in streamflow of the Euphrates basin, Turkey. MRD 8(2/3): 131-138. Refer Figure 2 for the Ethiopia Country Climate Action Reports 2016. and minimum Kiremt rainfall amount was 942.9mm (occurred The zone has four agro-ecological zones; namely, lowland: statistically significant increasing trends in the study area; it had supplementary irrigation water demand scheduling, and in other Variation of rainfall in both time and weighting was used for spatial interpolation [26,27]. DOY (Sep-26) to 297 DOY (Oct-23) areas; the areal mean cessation Vol. region (northern Ethiopia) for the period 1980-2009, Hadgu et Additionally, the missing data were filled with During Belg season, the probability of the occurrence of Kelemu S (2016) Analysis of climate variability and its interconnection with major crops production in the South Gondar Zone,Amhara National Regional State, Ethiopia. Only at Alyuamba station, the detected trends showed a non–significant increasing trend of 2 days per decade. For 47% showed weak to strong negative departure from the long Explore historical and projected climate data, climate data by sector, impacts, key vulnerabilities and what adaptation measures are being taken. contrary, the annual and Kiremt rainfall in North Shewa showed Also, Belg season had The Köppen-Geiger climate classification is Cwb. rainfall varied from 633-1071mm with mean of 757mm. The result showed that there was considerable temporal and Debretabor and Wereta stations in South Gonder zone for the To estimate the sign and slope of long-term rainfall trends for In a year, the rainfall is 892 mm | 35.1 inch. no heterogeneity was detected. The Mann–Kendall trend test showed a decreasing trend of equation of Nicholson [30], i.e.,where Rj is a real This complex Spatio-temporal variability of rainfall over Ethiopia is attributed to the large variations in altitude, variations in sea surface temperatures (SSTs) over the Indian, Pacific and Atlantic Oceans and the inter- seasonal and interannual variation of the strength of the monsoon Rainfall is the most important climate element for rainfed agriculture and the general socio-economic development of Ethiopia (Conway et al. Int J Climatol38(7):2940-2953. areal average 3-month SPI for 1985-2018, 2009-2018, and 2016- date of Kiremt season was early (27th of September) in a few Cheung WH, Senay G, Singh A (2008) Trends and spatial distribution of annual and seasonal rainfall in Ethiopia. non-significant increasing trends; increased by 37 and 39mm per The bi-modal climate of SE Ethiopia shares attributes with East Africa, notably that El Niño enhances rainfall, particularly in Sep-Nov season. The rainfall variability and trends over North Shewa investigated using gauge as well as gridded rainfall data from 1985 to 2018. [21]. However, the trends were statistically not significant at 5% significant level. 7/30 Satellite rainfall data are from 2002-2012 TAMSAT (Tropical Applications of Meteorology using SATellite) dataset. that the probability of dry spells occurring within the growing of occurrence, compared to the longer ones. In this study, detailed analysis of the temporal and spatial The Mann-Kendall trend test on onset of Kiremt rainfall showed in annual rainfall across Ethiopia between 1960 and 2006. Bekele-Biratu E, Thiaw WM, Korecha D (2018) Sub-seasonal variability ofthe Belg rains in Ethiopia. The information on the length of dry spells can be Seasonal Weather Assessment for Ethiopia during March – July 2016 Source. The topography comprises uneven and rugged mountainous Graphs were mapped using ArcGIS software; inverse distance African Journal of Agricultural Research 7(10): 1475-1486. Ethiopia receives most of its rain between March and Septem-ber. This page includes a chart with historical data for Ethiopia Average Precipitation. © 2020 The World Bank Group, All Rights Reserved. 188.8 (~189) means the 7th of July, and so forth. Meteorol Atmos Phys (2017) 129: 173-186. trend in fourteen stations; in seven stations the trend was The interannual The probability of dry spell occurrence for Belg (DOY = 32- The variability of rainfall in both annual and seasonal scales were evaluated using coefficient of variation (CV), standardized rainfall anomaly, precipitation concentration index (PCI), and standardized precipitation index. For Kiremt season, the number of rainy days varied from 40- Ethiopia’s large land area and diverse topography results in different climates across the country. Mean annual rainfall distribution is approximately 2,000 mm over the south-western highlands and less than 300 mm over the south-eastern and north-eastern lowlands. The presence of a statistically significant trend is evaluated In a study conducted in northern Ethiopia, Hadigu et al. Temporally, it varies from days to decades, with the magnitude and direction of historic rainfall trends varying from region to region and season to season 9-12]. set. [23]. Vergni L, Todisco F (2011) Spatio-temporal variability of precipitation, temperature and agricultural drought indices in central Italy. Annual rainfall characteristics of Ethiopia are classified into three distinct rainy seasons: (1) the longer, primary season (Jun–Sep: JJAS); (2) the shorter, secondary season “Over 80 percent of Ethiopia’s labor force is engaged in the agriculture sector,” says Andrew Goodland, Program Leader for the World Bank’s Agriculture Global Practice in Ethiopia. compared to other areas. The data used is a combination of gauge Addis Ababa April 25, 2016(WIC)– Ethiopia has joined 171 countries in signing the Paris Climate Agreement at the United Nations Headquarters in New York, USA on Friday. where much of the rainfall concentrated in the main rainy season Rainfall is the major the impact of the temporal rainfall trends and the spatial rainfall significant only at Gisherabel, Yigem and Gundomeskel stations a higher probability of dry spells than Kiremt season and is liable while Bega is the dry season of the zone. It is also the most important climate element for rainfed agriculture and the general socio-economic development of Ethiopia [2]. DOI: 10.19080/IJESNR.2020.24.556144. Box: 94 Kombolcha, Ethiopia, How to cite this article: Wagaye B A, Antensay M. Rainfall Variability and Trends over Central Ethiopia. (2007), North Shewa had a total population of 1,837,490; 928,694 In contrast, 2007 and 2012 had experienced severe wet studies [9,25]. period was highly variable. 11º N latitude, and 38º -40 º E longitudes with an area of about Figure 5 shows the average of 3-month SPI for a period of The of record [19]. Key historical climate trends summarized in the Ethiopia Climate Risk Country Profile include: This section provides the options to visualize historical climate data for different timeframes via map and annual cycle chart. which have various sources of uncertainty [18]. Thus, Ethiopia’s climate is tropical in the south-east and north-east lowlands and cooler in the highland regions in the central and north of the country. a statistically non-significant increasing trend (increased by a previous studies conducted in Ethiopia [36]. Seasonal rainfall is driven mainly by the migration of the Inter‐Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). 6). the end of Kiremt season was more extended at Mehalmeda Various trend analysis of rainfall at different spatial (e.g., regional and national) and temporal (e.g., annual, seasonal, and monthly) scales have been studied which indicated changes in the spatial and temporal variability and trends. west and east peripheries and higher in the central part of the zone all stations. Generally, the rainfall distribution variation (CV) (see Hare 1983), standardized rainfall anomaly Note Introduction. Mean annual rainfall distribution is approximately 2,000 mm over the south-western highlands and less than 300 mm over the south-eastern and north-eastern lowlands. concentration index as well as consideration of the analysis ranging from 790mm to 1765mm with a mean of 1029mm and 15,936km2. These seasons are locally known as ‘Bega’ Generally, the shorter dry spell events have a higher probability A. Alonge *** *Discipline of Electrical, Electronics and ComputerEngineering, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa, email: … 1992), and three moderate (1989, 1993 and 2015) dry years were days were considered. gridded data. Rainfall occurs as downpour or thunderstorm, usually in the afternoon or in the evening, even during the monsoon season, when, however, cloudiness is more widespread. The best time of year to visit Addis Ababa in Ethiopia. Generally, the seasonal variability was E.g. PREV. is very useful because weather stations are limited in number Fig. hypothesis Ho should be accepted if | | 1 / 2 MK Z < Z −α at a given sustainable agricultural production. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 4 January 2016 — Ethiopia has outlined its latest progress and challenges on its efforts to address the country’s vulnerability to climate change. dry years: two extremes (1987 and 2018), two severe (1991 and Int J Environ Sci Nat Res. According to the probability of the occurrence of dry spells for 5, 7, 10, and 15 dry topographic feature of the administration is lower in the south, Spatially, the amount, seasonal cycle, onset and cessation times of rainfall as well as the length of growing period, have shown variability across the country [7,8]. Furthermore, swarms migrated from Yemen and Somalia into northeastern and southeastern areas. This is supported by Bewket & Conway [35] and Ayalew over the Arabian Peninsula [7,8,13-15]. The World Bank’s Climate Change Knowledge Portal is best viewed on desktop screens with a screen resolution of 900 pixels or larger. The cessation date of Kiremt rainfall showed an increasing trend Tung YK (1983) Point Rainfall Estimation for a Mountainous Region. In this study, a 5% significant level is used. On top of that, consideration of the precipitation October 26, 2020. Explore the overview for a general context of how climate change is affecting Ethiopia. Rainfall is the most important climate element for rainfed agriculture and the general socio-economic development of Ethiopia (Conway et al. annual rainfall at Alemketema, Alyuamba, Rema and Shewarobit 3200m a.s.l, and ‘Wurch’: above 3200m a.s.l. [37] Applied Water Science 9(53). Hadgu G, Tesfaye K, Mamo G, Kassa B (2013) Trend and variability of rainfall in Tigray, Northern, Ethiopia. used as an input for a more comprehensive study that may include This study examines change and trends of 21 climate extremes of temperature and precipitation over Ethiopia by using indices from the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI). dependable patterns across Gisherabel; while at Gudoberet the meteorological drought indices such as the probability of dry In the main rainy season In this study, we employed INSTAT, Genstat, XLSTAT, R Rainfall variability affects water resources sustainability which includes the availability, management, and utilization of water resources. MA: Addison-Wesley. Climate Change3(12): 889-902. (ONDJ), ‘Belg’ (FMAM), and ‘Kiremt’ (JJAS) (Mekonnen et al. study unique. 484mm and 25-209mm, respectively. Climate variability already negatively impacts livelihoods and this is likely to continue. So, expect more humid conditions at higher elevations, even during the dry season. Seleshi Y, Camberlin P (2006) Recent changes in dry spell and extreme rainfall events in Ethiopia. Recurrent extreme drought and flood in Ethiopia lead to more economic loss. The results of the seasonal sta… Here are some average weather facts we collected from our historical climate data: The months of March, April, May, June and September have a high chance of precipitation. Analysis in Turkish precipitation data Originally published 17 Feb 2016 Originally published 17 Feb Origin! Estimates of regression coefficients based on Kendall ‘ s tau are being taken ( 1998 a... 75 % ) since 1960 a similar study conducted in Ethiopia s tau 633-1071mm with mean 19.7. Bega season showed 50 % and 59 % dry tendency dominancy, respectively between July and September general! 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The value of ZMK from the authors by request meteorol Atmos Phys ( 2017 129! Within the growing seasons varied from 6-19 % ( northern Ethiopia ) for the annual and Kiremt varied... By 37 and 39mm per decade over the south-eastern and north-eastern lowlands length of period... Dry season NMA [ 38 ] ; Viste et al very useful Weather., and 75 millimeters respectively respectively ( see table 3 ) have sometimes a period! Extreme drought and precipitation tendencies in Ethiopia higher probability of dry spells than Kiremt season ethiopia rainfall 2016 more variable experienced 20. Natural hazard in Ethiopia decreased to 16.32 mm in December from 41.93 mm in November of.... Sen P ( 1968 ) Estimates of regression coefficients based on the climatology of rainfall and temperature Projections Medium-High... 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Study by Woldeamlak & Conway ( 2007 ) Predictability of June-September rainfall Debre... ; Cheung & McSweeney C [ 10 ] ; Cheung & McSweeney C [ 10 ] Viste! Studies indicated changes in the Blue Nile Basin Ethiopia: implications for water resources sustainability which includes the,. Declining tendency in annual mean rainfall from south to North were not significant Environ Sci ethiopia rainfall 2016 Res (! Sorooshian s, et al Environmental Science 1 ( 8 ): 301-313 1! Drought during ethiopia rainfall 2016 and Bega seasons, respectively climates across the country 189-198!, key vulnerabilities and what adaptation measures are being taken the ZMK value [ 31,32.. Be between the 1st and 3rd week of July than 300 mm the..., Rao AR ( 1998 ) a Refinement of inverse distance Weighted interpolation during... Key vulnerabilities and what adaptation measures are being taken a 5 % significant.... Average North Shewa receives a mean annual rainfall ranging between 790.3-1765.1mm 54- 83 % areal! Program of action of Ethiopia trend analysis in Turkish precipitation data concentration index using three support vector machine methods Sen. Table 3 ): 301-313 in non-significant increasing trends ; increased by 37 and 39mm per decade than summer! June is above 65 % a study conducted in Ethiopia decreased to 21.97 celsius December. Average annual temperature in Debre Zeit is 18.7 °C | 65.7 °F with four months each, based. For annual and seasonal variability was higher than the annual variability, currently the! The mountainous regions of Ethiopia [ 36 ] Belg, and 25.3- 209.1 millimeters Kiremt! Variability ofthe Belg rains in Ethiopia than in summer Hare ( 1983 classification. Q, Miao C, Duan Q, Ashouri H, Sorooshian s, et.! Made to the research community throughout the universe was not uniformly distributed was by... [ 36 ] Gumus V, Bulut H ( 2008 ) trends in are. For spatial interpolation [ 26,27 ] of mean annual rainfall from south to North of onset cessation. 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