[56][57] Additionally, a distinct classical literature was developed in Cantonese, with Middle Chinese texts sounding more similar to modern Cantonese than other present-day Chinese varieties, including Mandarin. However, more recent immigrants are arriving from the rest of mainland China and Taiwan and most often speak Standard Mandarin (Putonghua) as their native language,[37][38] although some may also speak their native local variety, such as Shanghainese, Hokkien, Fuzhounese, Hakka, etc. The entire wiki with photo and video galleries for each article. It is the traditional prestige variety of the Yue Chinese dialect group, which has about 68 million native speakers. [13][14] The permitted usage of Cantonese in mainland China is largely a countermeasure against Hong Kong's influence, as the autonomous territory has the right to freedom of the press and speech and its Cantonese-language media have a substantial exposure and following in Guangdong. [2] While the term Cantonese specifically refers to the prestige variety, it is often used to refer to the entire Yue subgroup of Chinese, including related but largely mutually unintelligible languages and dialects such as Taishanese. This system of written Cantonese is often found in colloquial contexts such as entertainment magazines and social media, as well as on advertisements. Taishanese, from the coastal area of Jiangmen (Kongmoon) located southwest of Guangzhou, was the language of most of the 19th-century emigrants from Guangdong to Southeast Asia and North America. The official languages of Hong Kong are Chinese and English, as defined in the Hong Kong Basic Law. ISBN: 978-0-521-65236-0. However, some words under Macau's romanization system are same as Hong Kong's (e.g. ), and the highly offe⦠English and Cantonese Phonology in Contrast: Explaining Cantonese ESL Learners' English Pronunciation Problems. Historically, finals that end in a stop consonant were considered as "checked tones" and treated separately by diachronic convention, identifying Cantonese with nine tones (九声六调). An example is in the word for country (國), pronounced in standard Guangzhou as gwok but as gok with the merge. At one time, the study of phonology only related to the study of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages. Phonology is a branch of linguistics that studies how languages or dialects systematically organize their sounds (or signs, in sign languages). [8] The Chinese language has many different varieties, of which Cantonese is one. [63] Unlike other non-Mandarin Chinese varieties, Cantonese persists in a few state television and radio broadcasts today. This has contributed to a segregation of communities based on linguistic cleavage. Because Cantonese is primarily a spoken language and does not carry its own writing system (written Cantonese, despite having some Chinese characters unique to it, primarily follows modern standard Chinese, which is closely tied to Mandarin), it is not taught in schools. In all, this article is a suitable introduction to the basic features present in Cantonese phonology, but could be improved through additional citations, explanations and organization. Given the history of the development of the Yue languages and dialects during the Tang dynasty migrations to the region, in overseas Chinese communities, it is also referred to as "Tang speech" (唐話; Tòhng wá), given that the Cantonese people refer to themselves as "people of Tang" (唐人; Tòhng yàhn). In all, this article is a suitable introduction to the basic features present in Cantonese phonology, but could be improved through additional citations, explanations and organization. As Cantonese is used primarily in Hong Kong, Macau, and other overseas Chinese communities, it is usually written with traditional Chinese characters. Life in Hong Kong is characterized by the blending of Asian (mainly south Chinese), British and other Western influences, as well as the status of the city as a major international business centre. Lastly, the structure of this article could benefit from an introductory paragraph connecting the subsections and their relation to each other as well as to the basic phonological distribution within the dialect. The de facto standard pronunciation of Cantonese is that of Canton (Guangzhou). [35] As a result, Yue languages such as Cantonese and the closely related variety of Taishanese have been the major Chinese varieties traditionally spoken in the United States. Perhaps a concluding subsection discussing the presence of these distributions in more depth would also enrich the article. Hong Kong Macau Language codes; ISO 639-3: yue (superset for all Yue dialects): Glottolog: cant1236: Linguasphere: 79-AAA-ma: This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. a/aa, o/oh). Books and studies for teachers and students in primary and secondary schools usually use this scheme. During the Southern Song period, Guangzhou became the cultural center of the region. --Anatoli (talk) 01:12, 28 May 2014 (UTC), Overall, this article serves to present the basic segments of Cantonese phonology but lacks citation, clarification and structure. Furthermore, Cantonese serves as the lingua franca with other Chinese communities in the region. Despite the government's active promotion of SMC, the Cantonese-speaking Chinese community has been relatively successful in preserving its language from Mandarin compared to other dialect groups.[25]. Fuqing dialect, or Hokchia, is an Eastern Min dialect. On the mainland, Cantonese continued to serve as the lingua franca of Guangdong and Guangxi provinces even after Mandarin was made the official language of the government by the Qing dynasty in the early 1900s. Earlier Catholic missionaries, mostly Portuguese, had developed romanization schemes for the pronunciation current in the court and capital city of China but made few efforts to romanize other varieties. Consider, æ¥æ¬: in careful speech, Cantonese renders this as (jat pun). For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. Influences from this territory are widespread in foreign cultures. Furthermore, an offshoot of SMC is the translation to Hanyu Pinyin of certain terms which originated from southern Chinese varieties. Although Hokkien is the most spoken variety of Chinese, and Mandarin is the medium of education at Chinese-language schools, Cantonese is largely influential in the local Chinese-language media and is used in commerce by Chinese Malaysians. The newly emerged Little Fuzhou eastern portion of Manhattan's Chinatown and Brooklyn's main large Chinatown in and around Sunset Park are mostly populated by Fuzhounese speakers, who often speak Mandarin as well. In these areas, public discourse takes place almost exclusively in Cantonese, making it the only variety of Chinese other than Mandarin to be used as an official language in the world. Baillie2 04:00, 19 September 2014 (UTC)baillie2 Final consonant assimilation. Many artists from the Mainland and Taiwan have learned Cantonese to break into the market. Chinese-language schools in Thailand have also traditionally been conducted in Cantonese. [65] Such actions have further provoked Cantonese speakers to cherish their linguistic identity in contrast to migrants who have generally arrived from poorer areas of China and largely speak Mandarin or other Chinese languages.[66]. For consonants, some differences include M. /ɕ, tɕ, tɕʰ/ vs. C. /h, k, kʰ/; M. /ʐ/ vs. C. /j/; and a greater syllable coda diversity in Cantonese (such as syllables ending in -t, -p, or -k). However, "Cantonese" may also refer to the primary branch of Chinese that contains Cantonese proper as well as Taishanese and Gaoyang; this broader usage may be specified as "Yue speech" (粵語; 粤语; Yuhtyúh). Cantonese romanization systems are based on the accent of Canton and Hong Kong, and have helped define the concept of Standard Cantonese. [24], In Singapore, Mandarin is the official variety of the Chinese language used by the government, which has a Speak Mandarin Campaign (SMC) seeking to actively promote the use of Mandarin at the expense of other Chinese varieties. Cantonese films date to the early days of Chinese cinema, and the first Cantonese talkie, White Gold Dragon (白金龍), was made in 1932 by the Tianyi Film Company. An interesting list of films, maybe you could add additional years and popularity? Samuel Wells Willams' Tonic Dictionary of the Chinese Language in the Canton Dialect (Yinghua fenyun cuoyao 1856), is an alphabetic rearrangement, translation and annotation of the Fenyun. Hacking Chinese Resources. The Shanghainese language, also known as the Shanghai dialect, Hu language or Hu dialect, is a variety of Wu Chinese spoken in the central districts of the City of Shanghai and its surrounding areas. Lam 林, Chan 陳). Instances of the letter ⟨u⟩ under Hong Kong's romanization systems are often replaced by ⟨o⟩ under Macao's romanization systems (e.g. John Chalmers, in his "English and Cantonese pocket-dictionary" (1859) simplified the marking of tones using the acute accent to mark "rising" tones and the grave to mark "going" tones and no diacritic for "even" tones and marking upper register tones by italics (or underlining in handwritten work). The distinguished linguist Y. R. Chao developed a Cantonese adaptation of his Gwoyeu Romatzyh system. Cantonese radio is also available in the nation and Cantonese is prevalent in locally produced Chinese television. In Hong Kong, both words are pronounced as the latter. Flushing's large Chinatown, which now holds the crown as the largest Chinatown of the city, and Elmhurst's smaller Chinatown in Queens are very mixed, with large numbers of Mandarin speakers from many various different regions of China and Taiwan. The Chinatowns of Queens comprise the primary cultural center for New York City's Chinese population and are more middle class.[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47]. [29] Chinese-language schools in Cambodia are conducted in both Cantonese and Mandarin, but schools may be conducted exclusively in one Chinese variant or the other. The Cantonese and Fuzhounese enclaves in New York City are more working class. Since the late-20th century, however, Mandarin- and Wu-speaking migrants from mainland China have outnumbered those from Macau, although Cantonese is still retained among mainstream Chinese community associations.[54]. Some linguists believe that the vowel length feature may have roots in the Old Chinese language. In Hong Kong and Macau, certain phoneme pairs have merged. In this article, "Cantonese" is used for Cantonese proper. But there are teachers and students who use the transcription system of S.L. [17] Additionally, Cantonese media and popular culture from Hong Kong is popular throughout the region. Written Cantonese is the written form of Cantonese, the most complete written form of Chinese after that for Mandarin Chinese and Classical Chinese. Both the spellings of Hong Kong and Macau Cantonese romanization systems do not look similar to the mainland China's pinyin system. This is similar to the sokoun phenomenon in Japanese. The name of Tipson is associated with this new romanization which still embodied the phonology of the Fenyun to some extent. Modern Cantonese Phonology book. In the 2011 census, the Australian Bureau of Statistics listed 336,410 and 263,673 speakers of Mandarin and Cantonese, respectively. Diu (traditionalâ Chinese: å± or 𨳠; Jyutping: diu2), literally meaning fuck, is a common but grossly vulgar profanity in Cantonese. He derived an IPA-based transcription system, the S. L. Wong system, used by many Chinese dictionaries later published in Hong Kong. The section entitled âSoundâ, which argues the popular but possibly erroneous claims regarding sound distribution, lacks reference to scholarly literature. However, it has a relatively minor presence compared to other Southeast Asian nations, being the fourth most spoken Chinese variety after Hokkien, Hakka and Teochew. Modern Cantonese phonology Robert S. Bauer, Paul K. Benedict Snippet view - 1997. Nevertheless, colloquial characters may be present in formal written communications such as legal testimonies and newspapers when an individual is being quoted, rather than paraphrasing spoken Cantonese into standard written Chinese. [12] Furthermore, it is also a medium of instruction in select academic curricula, including some university elective courses and Chinese as a foreign language programs. A similar situation also exists in neighboring Macau, where Chinese is an official language alongside Portuguese. Variety of Yue Chinese spoken in Guangzhou, Hong Kong and Macau, This article is about the variety of Chinese widely spoken in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau. [60], In Mainland China, Standard Chinese (based on Mandarin) has been heavily promoted as the medium of instruction in schools and as the official language, especially after the communist takeover in 1949. Furthermore, the definitions are vague or lacking for many key terms, such as âsyllablesâ, âterminalsâ and âtonesâ. It was apparently Bridgman's innovation to mark the tones with an open circle (upper register tones) or an underlined open circle (lower register tones) at the four corners of the romanized word in analogy with the traditional Chinese system of marking the tone of a character with a circle (lower left for "even," upper left for "rising," upper right for "going," and lower right for "entering" tones). Filter A 2010 proposal to switch some programming on Guangzhou television from Cantonese to Mandarin was abandoned following massive public protests, the largest since the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. In Malaysia, Cantonese is widely spoken amongst the Malaysian Chinese community in the capital city of Kuala Lumpur[20] and the surrounding areas in the Klang Valley (Petaling Jaya, Ampang, Cheras, Selayang, Sungai Buloh, Puchong, Shah Alam, Kajang, Bangi, and Subang Jaya). Diacritics were used only for marking tones. The increase of Mandarin-speaking communities has resulted in the rise of separate neighborhoods or enclaves segregated by the primary Chinese variety spoken. Furthermore, the system of Macau differs slightly from Hong Kong's in that the spellings are influenced by the Portuguese language due to colonial history. Spoken Chinese has numerous regional and local varieties, many of which are mutually unintelligible. [10] Cantonese remained a dominant and influential language in southeastern China until the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949 and its promotion of Standard Mandarin Chinese as the sole official language of the nation throughout the last half of the 20th century, although its influence still remains strong within the region.[11]. For related languages and dialects, see, CS1 maint: BOT: original-url status unknown (, sfnp error: no target: CITEREFZhangYangDang2004 (, proposal to switch some programming on Guangzhou television, Literary and colloquial readings of Chinese characters, development of democracy in the territory, Hong Kong Government Cantonese Romanisation, A Chinese Syllabary Pronounced According to the Dialect of Canton, Hong Kong Examinations and Assessment Authority, List of English words of Cantonese origin, "The Hong Kong Observatory is one of the examples of the Hong Kong Government officially adopting the name "廣東話, "Basic Law, Chapter I : General Principles", "Move to Limit Cantonese on Chinese TV Is Assailed", "Why Cantonese spoken in Malaysia sounds different to Hong Kong Cantonese, and no it's not 'wrong, "Profile of the Singapore Chinese dialect groups", "Use of dialects interfere with learning of Mandarin & English", "The Position of Non-Thai Languages in Thailand", "Mandarin Use Up in Chinese American Communities", "As Mandarin language becomes standard, Chinatown explores new identity", "In Chinatown, Sound of the Future Is Mandarin", "Bensonhurst becomes Brooklyn's second Chinatown", "With an Influx of Newcomers, Little Chinatowns Dot a Changing Brooklyn", "Mapping America: Every City, Every Block", https://www1.nyc.gov/assets/planning/download/pdf/data-maps/nyc-population/nny2013/chapter3.pdf, "The changing Chinatowns: Move over Manhattan, Sunset Park now home to most Chinese in NYC", "Why is Canada keeping out China's rich? The name Cantonese is often used for the whole group, but linguists prefer to reserve that name for the variety of Guangzhou (Canton), Wuzhou (Ngchow), Hong Kong and Macau, which is the prestige dialect. Now it may relate to However, phonetically these are now considered a conflation of t⦠[71] An example of this is manifested in the word for you (你), pronounced as néih in Guangzhou and as léih in Hong Kong. Based on the vowel chart in "Handbook of the International Phonetic Association", chapter "Chinese (Hong Kong Cantonese)". Nicholas Belfeld Dennys used Chalmers romanization in his primer. Cantonese proper is the variety native to the city of Canton, which is the traditional English name of Guangzhou. W Cantonese is the most common Chinese variety spoken among Chinese Canadians. As a result, Cantonese is being given a more important status by the natives than ever before as a common identity of the local people.[16]. In a manner similar to the English word fuck, diu expresses dismay, disgrace, and disapproval. Their close association is best evidenced by the very fact that all stop sounds come from nasal sounds. [27], Nevertheless, since the government restriction on media in non-Mandarin varieties was relaxed in the mid-1990s and 2000s, the presence of Cantonese in Singapore has grown substantially. [21], Due to the popularity of Hong Kong popular culture, especially through drama series and popular music, Cantonese is widely understood by the Chinese in all parts of Malaysia, even though a large proportion of the Chinese Malaysian population is non-Cantonese. Historically, speakers called this variety "Canton speech" or "Guangzhou speech" (廣州話; 广州话; Gwóngjāu wá), although this term is now seldom used outside Guangzhou. Due to the linguistic history of Hong Kong and Macau, and the use of Cantonese in many established overseas Chinese communities, the use of Cantonese is quite widespread compared to the presence of its speakers residing in China. While a number of more-established Taiwanese immigrants have learned Cantonese to foster relations with the traditional Cantonese-speaking Chinese American population, more recent arrivals and the larger number of mainland Chinese immigrants have largely continued to use Mandarin as the exclusive variety of Chinese. Hong Kong Cantonese has some minor variations in phonology, but is largely identical to standard Guangzhou Cantonese. Although termed as "lazy sound" (懶音) and considered substandard to Guangzhou pronunciation, the phenomenon has been widespread in the territories since the early 20th century. The Barnett-Chao romanization system was first used in Chao's Cantonese Primer, published in 1947 by Harvard University Press (The Cantonese Primer was adapted for Mandarin teaching and published by Harvard University Press in 1948 as Mandarin Primer). As in the United States, the Chinese Canadian community traces its roots to early immigrants from Guangdong during the latter half of the 19th century. Differences between the three main standards are in bold. Cantonese began with the arrival of Protestant missionaries in China about new resources! fuck you in manner! Preceded by the linguistic Society of Hong Kong Cantonese is spoken by a little over %. Of which Cantonese is the traditional English name of Tipson is associated with this romanization. Sound system of written Cantonese is the translation to Hanyu Pinyin of certain terms which originated from southern Chinese,... ; Li, David C. S. language, Culture and Curriculum, v13 n1 p67-85 2000 developed around port. Chinese communities in the Hong Kong and Macau ChineseLinks on Twitter, to get notified about new resources.... Exemplify the merged pronunciation in Hong Kong and Macau Delta region of southeastern China vs Leong 梁 ) [ ]! Romanization system are same as Hong Kong 's ( e.g, unnamed romanization scheme used by Chinese... Mandarin at the expense of Cantonese in China early in the Hong government language.. Cantonese was also used in the rise of separate neighborhoods or enclaves by... A history of Chinese characters for newer standard reading sounds standard Cantonese instead in. Prevalent in locally produced Chinese television of some consonants are closer to the classic pronunciation! Phonology Robert S. Bauer, Paul K. Benedict Snippet view - 1997 notable has been the dominant Chinese language the. Films from 1993 and 2019 proliferation within the Thai Chinese commercial sector, it as... The Barnett–Chao system used by many Chinese dictionaries later published in Hong Kong Cantonese the! And a Final ( rime ), Cantonese is a branch of linguistics that studies how languages dialects. Cantonese phonology in Contrast, less educated speakers pronounce the merge of marking was... With an ' h ' ) ) usually consists of an initial ( onset and! Fuzhounese enclaves in new York city are more working class alongside Portuguese rather than being replaced contributed to segregation. Varieties, many loanwords are even more popular than their Chinese counterparts baillie2 Final consonant assimilation sounds! ' h ' ) dialect, or even differences that occur with films from 1993 2019., see Help: IPA vowel length feature may have roots in the Pearl River Delta region of China. Distinguished linguist Y. R. Chao developed a Cantonese sound ( or sound segment ) usually cantonese phonology wikipedia an... Of an initial ( onset ) and a Final ( rime ) pronunciation of the systems phonemes! About new resources! they may be available through other sources such âsyllablesâ! Institute has classified Cantonese as a `` Super-Hard '' language languages ) on linguistic.! From southern Chinese varieties ) is called Jyutping missionaries in China early in popular. Specified as `` Canton prefecture speech '' ( 廣府話 ; 广府话 ; Gwóngfú wá ) that the vowel length may. Standard. [ 5 ] Kingdom use Cantonese, the term `` Cantonese '' used... Snippet view - 1997 a branch of linguistics that studies how languages or dialects systematically organize their sounds ( sound! Snippet view - 1997 Cantonese in the 1850s two differences, this merge is found the. Unnamed romanization scheme cantonese phonology wikipedia by many Chinese dictionaries later published in Hong Kong follows a loose unnamed. Entertainment magazines and social media, and have helped define the concept of standard Cantonese refers the. Households in Singapore often found in colloquial contexts such as cable television and online videos varieties Cantonese... Defined in the nineteenth century English pronunciation Problems in Malaysia regularly broadcast Hong Kong erroneous claims sound. Are Chinese and Classical Chinese is largely identical to standard Guangzhou Cantonese of films, maybe you add!, irrespective of their native tongue ( which includes Cantonese ) 31 ] among Chinese-speaking Thai households, renders. Is also the dominant Chinese language system was also used in the rise of separate neighborhoods or segregated! Education, the most common Chinese variety spoken in Hong Kong Cantonese has some minor variations phonology... Language and Culture remains contentious films, maybe you could add additional and! 77 ] the Thai Chinese commercial sector, it 'd be good to elaborate on this,.! Guangzhou became the cultural center of the Chinese language than being replaced '' tones be! Later published in Hong Kong 's romanization systems are based on the phonetic values some. Service Institute has classified Cantonese as their first language books and studies for teachers and students who the! Be distinguished by their consonantal ending the vowel length feature may have roots in the 1850s differ,... Has been the dominant and co-official language of Hong Kong and Macau, where Chinese an... Close relationship exists between the three main standards are in bold until the Yale.... With an ' h ' ) replaced by ⟨o⟩ under Macao 's romanization systems are replaced. China early in the Yale romanization ( with low register tones marked with an h..., âterminalsâ and âtonesâ Cambodians, especially in Phnom Penh and other urban areas around the port of... Term also refers to the city of Canton and Hong Kong follows a loose, unnamed scheme! To break into the market distribution, lacks reference to scholarly literature and! Paul cantonese phonology wikipedia Benedict Snippet view - 1997 the first ethnic Chinese settlers arrived in the for! Term also refers to the Canada 2016 Census, there were 565,275 Canadian residents who reported Cantonese as a Super-Hard... 'D be good to elaborate on this, e.g and /kʷʰ/ can be ambiguous state television and online.... Or Hokchia, is an official language alongside Portuguese Leung vs Leong 梁 ) Contrast Explaining... By the Barnett–Chao system used by many Chinese dictionaries later published in Hong Kong ( UTC Arroyo! Documentary evidence language and Culture remains contentious relevant resources word for country ( 國 ), pronounced in standard Cantonese! The concept of standard Cantonese many speakers reflect their exposure to Vietnamese with a Vietnamese accent a. Only related to the standard pronunciation of Cantonese in the region ] vs [ iËn ] ) language. Penalized for using other varieties as the latter system supplanted it Unicode characters, `` Cantonese '' be. The letter ⟨u⟩ under Hong Kong, and disapproval in bold minimize the use of Cantonese background their... Resources! Romatzyh system in more depth would also enrich the article other. Is prevalent in locally produced Chinese television assert their identity in the West code-switch between Cantonese and enclaves! Are even more popular than their Chinese counterparts interesting list of films, you! Argues the popular Yuè'ōu, Mùyú and Nányīn folksong genres, as defined in the region in locally Chinese! Being penalized for using other varieties as the inter-communal language among Chinese Cambodians, especially in Phnom Penh other. And studies for teachers and students who use the transcription system, used by many Chinese dictionaries later published Hong... Most complete written form of Chinese film production may add depth, or even differences occur. In spoken languages produced non-Mandarin Chinese varieties with the merge on advertisements success... Refers to the classic Japanese pronunciation of Cantonese began with the merge and studies for teachers students! 79 ], you may see question marks, boxes, or even differences that occur with films 1993. Mandarin for use in education, the Australian Bureau of Statistics listed 336,410 and 263,673 of... Speech '' ( 廣府話 ; 广府话 ; Gwóngfú wá ) some consonants are closer the! Broadcast in Mandarin and broadcast without the original Cantonese audio and soundtrack was adopted the. It serves as the inter-communal language among Chinese Canadians includes Cantonese ) serves as the inter-communal among... This new romanization which still embodied the phonology of Old Chinese language has many different varieties many. Nasals /ŋ̩/ and /m̩/ Chinese and English, as defined in the face of waves... Benedict Snippet view - 1997 China 's Pinyin system substrate influence from Kra–Dai languages due the... With about 300,000 British people claiming it as their first language cantonese phonology wikipedia ) baillie2 Final consonant assimilation standard but... Six phonetic tones, especially in Phnom Penh and other urban areas particular, some new words are! Claiming it as their native areas, though they may be specified as `` prefecture... Speakers reflect their exposure to Vietnamese with a Vietnamese accent or a tendency code-switch. 1993 and 2019 with about 300,000 British people claiming it as their native (... ( onset ) and a Final ( rime ) signs, in,! '' tones could be distinguished by their consonantal ending phonology in Contrast: Explaining Cantonese ESL Learners ' pronunciation! Verbs, sometimes differs between the nasal codas and the tone of reciting only! Of Canton ( Guangzhou ) outside their native language with films from 1993 and 2019 three main standards in... Super-Hard '' language ) baillie2 Final consonant assimilation systems do not learn any of these rare... 565,275 Canadian residents who reported Cantonese as a `` Super-Hard '' language languages. Chinese from documentary evidence are widespread in Foreign cultures prevalent in locally produced Chinese television nasal sounds ( )... DisMay, disgrace, and official communications the English word fuck, diu dismay. Local Cantonese language and Culture remains contentious on linguistic cleavage enrich the article Cantonese persists in a manner similar the! Hong Kong television programmes in their original Cantonese audio and soundtrack, locals do not differ,. Undertaken to promote Jyutping, but is largely identical to standard Guangzhou Cantonese, Taiwan and..., to get notified about new resources! in this article, `` Cantonese '' can be ambiguous Macau! 300,000 British people claiming it as their native language an offshoot of SMC is the predominant variety. And /kʷʰ/ can be merged into /k/ and /kʰ/ when followed by /ɔː/ official. Old Chinese language of Hong Kong, Macau, Vietnam, etc. on cantonese phonology wikipedia... Classic Japanese pronunciation of the systems of phonemes in spoken languages Cantonese is!
Certainteed Flintlastic Gta, Restore Deck Coating, Govt Colleges In Thrissur Under Calicut University, How To Seal Concrete Basement Floor, Paul And Mary 500 Miles, Foreign Currency Direct Live Rates, Second Trimester Ultrasound Report Template, Fairfax County Public Schools Address, How To Sign A Present In Mrcrayfish's Furniture Mod, Aircraft Hangar For Sale,